<p>Kremasti  is a town on the Greek island of Rhodes . Located on the west coast of the island, Kremasti is 12 kilometers from the capital of Rhodes, on the road to the airport. It has a population of 5,363 people  and was the administrative center of the former municipality of Petaloudes.</p><br>
<p>On a hill near the center of town are the ruins of a medieval castle. The local church, Panagia Katholiki (Virgin Mary) is one of the largest and most beautiful on the island. The interior is decorated with murals and wood carvings.</p><br>
<p>Next to the church is the municipal library, in an impressive building featuring classic Greek columns. The main road is lined with shops and restaurants. Kremasti has a beach on the Aegean Sea. It is not far from Petaloudes (Butterfly Valley) one of the island&#39;s major tourist attractions in the summer.</p><br>
<p>Carrie Furnace is a former blast furnace located along the Monongahela River in the Pittsburgh area industrial town of Swissvale, Pennsylvania, and it had formed a part of the Homestead Steel Works. The Carrie Furnaces were built in 1884 and they operated until 1982. During its peak, the site produced 1,000 to 1,250 tons of iron per day. All that is left of the site are furnaces #6 and #7, which operated from 1907 to 1978, along with the hot metal bridge. The furnaces, designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006, are among the only pre-World War II 20th century blast furnaces to survive.</p><br>
<p>The site is currently managed by the nonprofit Rivers of Steel Heritage Corporation, which conducts tours and other programs from May through October.</p><br>
<h2>History, topography, and environmental concerns</h2><br>
<p>The table portrays the history of Carrie Furnace. Carrie Furnace is located along the Monongahela River, with 135 acres located on the north bank of the river and 33 acres on the south bank. The site, however, is not readily accessible as it is enclosed by railroad tracks. The surrounding areas include Braddock, Rankin, Swissvale, Whitaker, and Munhall. After the Park Corporation purchased the site from USA Steel in 1988, both parties agreed to address the environmental concerns. In 2005, Allegheny County purchased the land from Park Corps. for $5.75 million. Underground fuel storage tanks were removed in 1994 along with two above ground fuel storage units. In addition, asbestos from the buildings was removed. The soil was contaminated with PCBs and sulfates. Environmental assessment of the site has been conducted in two phases. The first phase was completed in 2007 and the second is currently underway.</p><br>
<h2>Future development</h2><br>
<p>Partners in the redevelopment of Carrie Furnace include Allegheny County, several nearby municipalities, and the Steel Industry Heritage Council. These organizations seek to preserve the remaining industrial structures while utilizing the site for economic development. The redevelopment plan is mixed-use as it contains plans for commercial and residential development, as well as light industrial manufacturing. Housing, office buildings, a hotel, a conference center, transportation center, and a museum are included in the plan. For example, the hot metal rail bridge that connected Carrie Furnace to Homestead Works is to be converted into an automobile bridge, which will allow access to the site. The bridge also connects the site to the Waterfront – a retail development across the Monongahela River.</p><br>
<p>The Bok Kai Temple  is a traditional Chinese temple in the city of Marysville, California, located at the corner of D and First Streets, and served as the center of what was a bustling Chinatown for a small town.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1854, five years after the first contingent of Chinese arrived in California to work the gold mines during the California Gold Rush, a temple was erected in Marysville to serve the immigrant population. The foremost of the gods that are worshiped is Xuan Wu, ( "Dark Warrior" or "Mysterious Warrior"), a deity in Chinese religion believed to govern the north and rain, hence its place of reverence at Bok Kai Temple, or northern creek temple.</p><br>
<p>The original temple was destroyed by fire, and was replaced in 1880. The temple remains a primary focus of the present Marysville Chinese community, who have dedicated themselves to preserving the temple.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The temple is infrequently used as an active place of worship, but is preserved as both a California Historical Landmark and as a protected property on the National Register of Historic Places. A Bok Kai festival and parade is held annually in the spring, during which time the temple is opened for ceremonies as well as for interested parties to tour. Other tours may be arranged by contacting the Temple caretaker.</p><br>
<p>Llano del Rio was a commune  located in what is now Llano, California, east of Palmdale in the Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County. The colony was devised by lawyer and socialist politician Job Harriman after he had failed his bid to become the mayor of Los Angeles in 1911. The colony&#39;s land was acquired in 1913 and it was formally launched on May 1, 1914.</p><br>
<p>The Llano del Rio Colony settled in the southern edge of the Mojave Desert along Highway 138 near what is now 165th Street East, in the alluvial plain that spread out to the north from the San Gabriel Mountains. The colony took advantage of water from Big Rock Creek, an intermittent stream that flowed from the San Gabriel Mountains. Several structures were constructed using local granite boulders and lumber, including a hotel, meeting house, and water storage tank. There was also a small open aqueduct made of granite cobbles and cement. The remnants of the built features are still visible at the site, which has been abandoned for decades.</p><br>
<p>During 1918, the colony was abandoned. Llano del Rio turned out to be too far from other settlements to develop a sustaining economy, and the water supply from Big Rock Creek proved to be unreliable. Some of the settlers, approximately 60 families in all, relocated to form New Llano, Louisiana.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Background</h3><br>
<p>Job Harriman, a lawyer by training and a politician by proclivity, was the founder of the socialist cooperative colony known as Llano del Rio. Harriman, a former candidate for governor of the state of California on the ticket of the Socialist Labor Party and 1900 vice-presidential candidate of the Social Democratic Party on a ticket headed by Eugene V. Debs, was long an advocate of political action for the achievement of socialism in America.</p><br>
<p>Only after his defeat in the 1911 election as the Socialist Partys candidate for mayor of Los Angeles, California, did Harrimans thinking turn from politics to an interest in directly demonstrating what he believed to be the inherent superiority of cooperative and collective economic activity as a means for building public support for the socialist idea. Like others before him, Harriman theorized that by creating a functioning socialist community within the larger society of capitalism, the larger society would gradually convert to socialism.</p><br>
<p>"It became apparent to me that a people would never abandon their means of livelihood, good or bad, capitalistic or otherwise, until other methods were developed which would promise advantages at least as good as those by which they were living," Harriman later recalled.</p><br>
<p>Several prominent Southern California friends were solicited for financial and practical support and a 9,000 acre site was located about 45 miles north of Los Angeles in the Antelope Valley. A purchase option was taken on the land, which had the benefit of having earlier been partially developed by a colony of temperance advocates. Assets of the Mescal Water and Land Company, including water rights and bonds sold for $150,000 to finance the earlier colonization effort, were purchased by Harriman and his associates for a small fraction of their original value.</p><br>
<p>A new 9-member board of directors was appointed and sale of stock was begun in the fall of 1913 with a view to financing a new socialist community on the existing colony&#39;s site. A restructuring followed in 1914 and the Mescal Water and Land was incorporated as the Llano Del Rio Company.</p><br>
<h3>Establishment</h3><br>
<p>To become a member of the colony, one was required purchase exactly 2,000 stock shares and to reside at Llano at the par value of $1 per share. Colonists were allowed to buy a maximum of three fourths of their stock shares on credit. Applicants for membership were required to be idealistic, industrious, and sober. To ensure standards were met, applicants needed three references, written ideally by a local union president or secretary. Questions testing an applicant’s dedication to socialism were also part of the entrance procedure.</p><br>
<p>Additionally, only Caucasians were admitted. An article in The Western Comrade attempted to explain this admittance discrimination, “The rejection of these applications are not due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed expedient to mix the races in these communities."</p><br>
<p>In addition to the appeal of building a new socialist society, colonists were drawn to Llano by promises of good wages paid to colony members. Initially members were to be paid a salary of $4 a day, less deductions for living expenses and $1 a day towards the purchase of colony stock purchased on credit. In practice this wage was illusory, however, as surplus wages were held in trust by the colony and were only to be paid out in cash if the colony ran a financial surplus — which never occurred. This pretense was ultimately abandoned for an arrangement which guaranteed all colonists’ needs would be met in exchange for their labor.</p><br>
<p>The activities at Llano del Rio were publicized to a national audience through the pages of The Western Comrade, a magazine purchased by Job Harriman in 1914. The magazine was effusive in its praise of the colony and painted the situation faced by the colonists in rosy colors. The valley in which the colony was located was bordered by the San Bernardino Mountains to the east and contained sites for fruit orchards, alfalfa fields, and vegetable production. Two creeks provided water for the land. The colony&#39;s sales techniques gave buyers unrealistic expectations about the luxury of living at Llano, which ultimately created discontent in the community when these expectations were not met.</p><br>
<h3>Development</h3><br>
<p>Llano opened to public membership on May Day of 1914. Only five people were resident at the time of the colonys formation, joined by a team of horses, a cow, and five pigs. By the beginning of 1915 the colony had grown to over 150 residents, possessing more than 100 cows and 110 pigs. A community center for the hosting of dances and assemblies was constructed. Unmarried men lived in an attached dormitory, while married couples lived in canvas tents during the colonys initial phase. In fairly short order a post office, dairy building, and laundry facility were built on the colony&#39;s site.</p><br>
<p>The colony was planned for development by Alice Constance Austin and stands as her most recognized project. She designed a circular city plan that included administrative buildings, restaurants, churches, schools, and markets. The houses were to be of "feminist" design and included plans for a kitchenless house, communal daycare areas, built-in furniture, and heated tile floors, all of which would serve in reducing the amount of domestic work done by women. An even more elaborate plan was unveiled in 1917, which called for row houses, a central park, and a playground. This dream world stood in marked contrast to the reality of tents and two room shacks faced by the colonists.</p><br>
<p>Colonists tended to hail from the Western United States and included substantial contingents of farmers and businessmen, with few wage workers. The colony was marked by personal disagreements and petty political controversies from its earliest days, resulting in a steady turnover of members.</p><br>
<p>Membership in the colony peaked in the summer of 1917, when over 1100 people shared the colony&#39;s grounds. By this time temporary adobe homes had sprung up, as did more permanent facilities such as a large collective dining room, a hotel, and various industrial buildings, including one of the largest rabbit facilities in the United States as well as the printing shop for production of The Western Comrade. Orchards were planted and about 2,000 acres of irrigated alfalfa harvested.</p><br>
<h2>Life at Llano</h2><br>
<h3>Economy</h3><br>
<p>Although Llano did not export goods to outside markets, its local economy was almost completely sustaining. The economy included a paint shop, agriculture, orchards, a poultry yard, a rabbitry, a print shop, and a fish hatchery.</p><br>
<p>Despite the arid environment and sandy soil, Llano’s farms flourished. Using the water purchased by the Llano Del Rio Company, Llano’s farmers transformed the dry soil into fertile farmland. Southern California’s warm climate proved to be ideal for agricultural production. Alfalfa, corn, and grain were Llano’s staple crops. By 1916, Llano grew ninety percent of the food eaten at the colony. However, agricultural exports were prevented by Llano’s distance from a train depot. Though Llano’s export economy never developed much, some goods, such as rag rugs and underwear, were sold at external markets.</p><br>
<h3>Education</h3><br>
<p>Llano had a good school system, which followed both the Montessori and the Industrial principles of teaching. Montessori and Industrial schools encourage practical and active learning, teaching methods consistent with socialist values. In the Industrial School or Kids’ Colony children raised livestock, built the school’s facilities, made their own laws, and held their own disciplinary hearings. Consistent with Llano’s philosophy of gender division of labor, girls were registered into the “domestic science department.”</p><br>
<h3>Culture and free time</h3><br>
<p>May Day, a holiday that celebrates laborers, was a community celebration at Llano, including a parade and a community picnic. Dances were held every Thursday and Saturday night. One colonist praised these dances saying, “‘If Llano never offers or gives me more than the pleasure of attending these dances I shall feel repaid for all the effort I have made to become a member of this Colony." Additionally, there was a champion baseball team and other club sports. There was even a drama society. For entertainment, Llano staged black-face minstrel shows, swear words were prohibited when in the presence of women or children, and liquor was not allowed unless permission by a doctor was given. Violation of this ordinance was punishable by unemployment or expulsion from Llano.</p><br>
<h2>Llano’s downfall</h2><br>
<h3>Dissent</h3><br>
<p>The political stability of Llano was threatened by internal power struggles between the Board of Directors, which was composed of seven (and eventually nine) members and the General Assembly, which was composed of all of the Llano Company’s stockholders, the members of the colony. Though the Board was efficient, it caused political dissent. Llano’s “Declaration of Principles” proclaimed “equal ownership, equal wage, and equal social opportunities.” However, Llano was not run in a democratic manner. The Board dictated all rules and regulations.</p><br>
<p>Eventually groups developed, such as the “Brush Gang”, opposing the authoritarian rule of the Board. Some members also believed that Harriman lacked strong socialist principles. One of the founders of the “Brush Gang”, Frank Miller, believed Harriman to be “Czar-like” and against the democratic election of Llano’s leadership. Additionally, many “Brush Gang” members believed that not only the political but also the economic layout of Llano was counter to socialist ideals.</p><br>
<p>However, rule by the General Assembly was also problematic. Its decisions were influenced by personal disputes, which created an ineffective political environment. Resolutions were disputed for hours, made, and then rebuked at the next meeting. In response to dissenters, one of Harriman’s supporter’s, RK Williams, wrote, “Newcomers arrived here filled with idealism and notions of a weird form of democracy that are utterly out of place in an institution dealing with... practicalities. It must be insisted that if this colony is to exist we must allow the well tried and wrought out formulas of corporations organized under capitalism... We are not attempting a Utopian phantasmagoria.’</p><br>
<p>Supporters felt that unseating the Board would result in anarchy and chaos and that central control was essential to the formation of a flourishing socialist colony.</p><br>
<h3>World War I</h3><br>
<p>Although Llano supported the Socialist Party’s pacifism, the threat of the draft was real. Llano attempted to ensure that all members were conscientious objectors, still the colony lost young men to the draft. WWI also posed an economic threat, because the wartime industry created jobs with higher wages and many less committed members of Llano left to work in the newly booming economy.</p><br>
<h3>Water</h3><br>
<p>During the early period of Llano, Harriman had secured large amounts of water for the growing colony. Though in theory Llano had enough water to sustain itself and to grow, much of the water could only be accessed by building a dam. Llano applied to California for a permit to build a dam. However, California Commissioner of Corporations denied Llano’s application to construct a dam saying, “‘Your people do not seem to have the necessary amount of experience and maybe the sums of money it will involve.’” Though planners were aware of Llano’s water shortage, they continued to deny the crisis to potential buyers until May 1917.</p><br>
<h3>The move</h3><br>
<p>In November 1917 The Western Comrade magazine announced that the majority of the colony was going to move to an alternative site in New Llano, Louisiana. Despite the impending relocation of Llano, Harriman asserted that Llano had “progressed from a ‘Utopian, chimerical idea’ to a concrete practicality – from a dozen dreamers to a thousand determined doers.” New Llano never attained the same size or level of productivity as the original colony. This failure was most likely due to cultural clashes with the greater culture of Louisiana and the Great Depression. The remaining Llano community in California ended due to faulty legal maneuvers. In 1918, Llano filed for bankruptcy.</p><br>
<h3>Legacy</h3><br>
<p>Llano is given tribute at Twin Oaks, a contemporary intentional community of 100 members in Virginia. All Twin Oaks&#39; buildings are named after communities that are no longer actively functioning, and "Llano" is the name of one of the communal kitchens.</p><br>
<p>The site is now registered as California Historical Landmark #933.</p><br>
<p>In Llano del Rio lived socialist architect Gregory Ain, son of Russian immigrants, in his childhood.</p><br>
<p>Lake Der-Chantecoq  is situated close to the commune of Saint-Dizier in the departments of Marne and Haute-Marne. It is the largest artificial lake in Western Europe, covering 48 km&sup2; with 350 million m³ of water. The lake is named after the Der plain, in which it is located, and the submerged village Chantecoq.</p><br>
<p>The lake is fed by a 12 km long canal that branches off the river Marne in Saint-Dizier. The outflow of the lake is a canal that joins the Marne in Arrigny, 20 km downstream of Saint-Dizier. The lake is located in the communes (clockwise starting from the north) Sainte-Marie-du-Lac-Nuisement, Éclaron-Braucourt-Sainte-Livière, Giffaumont-Champaubert, Arrigny, Larzicourt and Écollemont.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was created in 1974 to hold the water of the River Marne so that flooding of the Seine at Paris would stop. It is managed by Les Grands Lacs de Seine. Its construction required the destruction of three villages; Chantecoq (Marne), Champaubert-aux-Bois and Nuisement-aux-Bois.</p><br>
<p>Today, many water sports are popular here, including sailing, water skiing, jet-ski, wind surfing, fishing, rowing etc. as well as walking, rollerblading and cycling around its edges.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The combination of deep water, islands, and freshwater marshes make the area ideal for waterfowl, most notably the common crane. Each spring and autumn, tens of thousands of cranes assemble here in their migration between wintering grounds to the south and breeding sites in northern Europe. Other birds recorded in the area include white-tailed eagle, great egret, and various geese, ducks, loons (divers), and grebes. The surrounding area is rural, a region of farmland and forest.</p><br>
<p>The Château de Montbéliard , also known as the Château des ducs de Württemberg  is a fortress located on an outcropping rock that overlookss the town of Montbéliard in the Doubs département of France. Since 1996, it has been classified as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. The property of the commune, it is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is believed that there has been a fortress on the site since the Gallo-Roman times, though then it was only a wooden watchtower acting as an observation post for the defence of the town of Mandeure (Epomanduodurum).</p><br>
<p>Until 1397, the castle belonged to the Montfaucon family. The marriage of Henriette d&#39;Orbe to Eberhard IV, son of the count Eberhard III of Württemberg, transferred the ownership of the castle to the Württemberg family. It was the home of Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt, mother of Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia.</p><br>
<p>In 1793, the castle became part of Revolutionary France. It served as a garrison until 1933, when it was transformed into a history museum.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The castle was once divided into two parts around the ancient Church of Saint-Maimbœuf that dominated the esplanade of the castle with its high belltower.</p><br>
<p>The Châtel-Derrière (back of the castle), in the east, had two imposing towers dating from time immemorial. It contained the reception and the private apartments of the counts and dukes who followed one another, first in the county and then in the principality. This part of the castle was separated by a wide and deep ditch (which does not exist today), spanned by a drawbridge.</p><br>
<p>The Châtel-Devant (front of the castle), in the west, dominates the town of Allan and the river Lizaine (before it channels underground), and contains along its northern face the single entry of the fortress, together with its drawbridge and portcullis. The drawbridge spanned a ditch that was added for the protection of the entrance; this ditch was filled in during the great transformations of the 18th century that modified aspects of the castle. Châtel-Devant contained in its enclosure the buildings of the garrison (which sometimes also housed official travelers), the stables, the falconry, and the arsenal which stored the guns, ammunition and weapons necessary for the defence of the castle and the city. The imposing mass of the Hôtel du Baili (the bailiff&#39;s lodging) always dominated this part of the castle. One can still make out the building of the chancellery that was located immediately past the entrance of the castle.</p><br>
<p>It is said that the castle was in a state of advanced decay at the end of the 18th century. Several buildings were demolished and rebuilt during the 18th and 19th centuries. Two prominent 19th-century transformations were: the demolition of the Église Saint-Maimbœuf in 1810; and the destruction of the house called "entre les tours" (between the towers), which was a building flanked by the Henriette and Frederique towers characterising Châtel-Derrière that gives the castle its imposing aspect. This house was replaced by a facade decorated with spires in the Germanic style of the 17th century.</p><br>
<p>The Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois, United States, is an Egyptian Revival theatre that is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places. The theatre was built in 1928 and 1929 as part of a much larger wave of national fascination with Ancient Egypt throughout the United States, due, in large part, to the discovery of King Tuts tomb in 1922. The theatre was added to the National Register in 1978 and its 1,430-seat auditorium is currently DeKalb Countys largest.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect Elmer F. Behrns, who had an interest in Egyptology. The interior and exterior architecture reflect Egyptian cultural symbols. Stained glass work exhibits designs such as Ra, the Egyptian sun god and the scarab, a sacred Egyptian symbol. The building was nearly demolished in the 1970s but a restoration effort led by Preservation of the Egyptian Theatre (PET) saved the structure. Rumors have long surrounded the DeKalb Egyptian about secret messages hidden in the architecture and hauntings. While the theater maintains there are no hidden messages in the building the ghost stories have persisted throughout the years. The Egyptian Theatre operates a 42-week season with up to 125 events annually.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the theatre opened, in 1929, it was one of many so-called Egyptian Theatres across the United States. Of those Egyptian theatres, the DeKalb theatre is one of a handful still standing as of 2004. In the original design, additional buildings were supposed to be attached to the existing building, but they were never built due to the stock market crash in late 1929. For instance, there was to be a hotel attached to the north side of the building. In its earliest days, the theatre specialized in silent films and live vaudevillian performances.</p><br>
<p>As decades passed, the theatre became more focused on film presentations and remained so throughout the 1940s, 50s and 60s. By the 1970s the theatre was in disrepair, and its plaster walls were crumbling. The owner handed the theatre over to the city of DeKalb. In 1978 a group of citizens banded together to restore and save the Egyptian. When the Egyptian was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, the group, Preservation of the Egyptian Theatre (PET), qualified for a $2.3 million grant from the state of Illinois. This money allowed the restoration of the theatre to begin. It was estimated at that time that $3.5 million was needed to completely restore the theatre. Due to the shortfall, there were many projects that had to be cut, including adding air conditioning which the building never had, and still does not have.</p><br>
<p>As of 2007, the theatre is operated and staffed by PET. A non-profit organization, PET was formed in 1978 to save the theatre from destruction. Since the 1980s restoration the theatre has been host to a variety of films and events. The current marquee is the fourth to adorn the theatre; it was installed during the 1982 restoration.</p><br>
<p>The DeKalb Egyptian has a 42-week season during which it features around 125 events annually. The Egyptian&#39;s season is cut short by the hot northern Illinois summers; the theatre has no air conditioning. In addition, more than thirty professional groups used the theatre in 2006 as well as student organizations and university departments from nearby Northern Illinois University.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Although the DeKalb Egyptian Theatre is one of up to one hundred Egyptian-style theatres built during the early 20th century, it is believed to be one of only six remaining in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The exterior facade is covered in a light sage terra cotta and exhibits a 20-foot (6.1 m) tall stained glass window, which bears the ancient scarab symbol. The scarab is holding up the sun god Ra whilst standing on top of the Earth. To each side of the stained glass window, the buildings facade holds two huge pharaohs, meant to "guard" over the theatre entrance. The entirety of the theatres front facade is designed to resemble the gate of a great temple.</p><br>
<p>The small outer lobby is meant to evoke feelings of entering the outer chamber of an ancient Egyptian tomb. The walls of the outer lobby are built from huge unadorned blocks with a faux sandstone surface. The front of the ticket box office is decorated in a dusky sienna red with a golden sunburst emblazoned above the window. Past the outer lobby of the DeKalb Egyptian Theatre, through the glass doors and into the main lobby, the original mosaic-tiled floor and the towering 40 foot (12.2 m) ceiling are both revealed.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the main lobby are cream-colored plaster, surrounded by eight pillars and cornices adorned with golden lotus blossoms and palm leaves. High up the walls, between each of the pillars, are six large golden plaster urns. The urns are decorated with lotus blossom buds and palm leaves as well. They are crowned by a gilded design incorporating outstretched falcon wings and the disc of the sun entwined with golden serpents. The lotus motif is repeated on the frosted wall sconces below the urns and on the chandelier hanging over the center of the double staircase; the staircase, at the end of the main lobby, leads to the mezzanine and balcony.</p><br>
<p>The decoration and layout of the auditorium is meant to resemble a royal Egyptian courtyard. The 1,430-seat auditorium is DeKalb County&#39;s largest.</p><br>
<h2>Hauntings</h2><br>
<p>The DeKalb Egyptian, like many other Egyptian Revival structures, is meant to create an air of mystery. The imagery of the ancient Egyptian symbols has fostered the popular belief that there is a hidden meaning behind the architecture and color scheme in and on the DeKalb Egyptian. The theatre said through a spokesman in 2006 that both the colors and the decorations were picked for their beauty and no other reason.</p><br>
<p>While there are no hidden messages in the architecture, there have been numerous occurrences and reports of alleged ghostly phenomena. The Egyptian has been widely rumored to be the home of two ghosts. One is said to be that of Irv Kummerfeldt, co-founder of PET; Kummerfeldt had a heart attack and died at the top of "Aisle One" in the Egyptian Theatre&#39;s auditorium. His ghost has been reported in that area of the theatre ever since. The second ghost, "Bob," as theatre workers and preservationists have dubbed it, is much more free roaming. Bob has been seen throughout the building; objects have moved on their own, doors have opened on their own, and people have felt a tap on their shoulder when no one else is around. Occasionally, footsteps have been heard echoing across the auditorium. The theatre operators and preservationists lend enough credence to the ghost sightings and stories to keep an eye out for any information in old newspapers on who the ghost might have been.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The theatre is one of the few remaining Egyptian theatres in the United States. Depending on which estimates are utilized there are six or more Egyptian Revival theatres remaining in the United States. The Egyptian Theatre was added to the U.S National Register of Historic Places on December 1, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Amne Machin or Anyi Machen  is the highest peak of a mountain range of the same name in the province of Qinghai in west-central China. It is revered in Tibetan Buddhism as the home of the chief indigenous deity of Amdo, Machen Pomra.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The entire Amne Machin range is an eastern extension of the Kunlun Mountains, a major mountain system of Asia. The Amne Machin range runs in the general northwest-to-southeast direction in eastern Qinghai (Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and the adjacent areas of the Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture) and the southwestern corner of Gansu&#39;s Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.</p><br>
<p>The existence of the ridge results in one of the great bends of the Yellow River. The river first flows for several hundreds of kilometers toward the east and southeast, along the south-western side of the Amne Machin Range. In so doing it crosses the entire length of Golog Prefecture, and reaches the borders of Gansu and Sichuan. Then the river turns almost 180 degrees to the left, passing to the northeastern side of the Amne Machin, and flows toward the northwest for 200–300 km through several prefectures of the northeastern Qinghai.</p><br>
<p>The Amne Machin Peak (the highest point of the range) is located in Maqên County of Golog Prefecture. Its elevation is estimated to 6,282 m. It is ranked number 23 in height among the mountain peaks of China.</p><br>
<p>A part of the range around its highest peak has been declared a section of the Sanjiangyuan ("Sources of Three Rivers") National Nature Reserve.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was known to the ancient Chinese as Mount Jishi (積石山, 积石山, Jīshíshān). The Northern Wei-era commentary on the Han-era River Classic stated that the mountain was the site where Yu the Great tamed the Yellow River and that it was considered part of Longxi Commandery, located 1740 li (724 km) from Kunlun Mountain and 5000 li (2,080 km) from the Luo.</p><br>
<p>The massif had long been considered a sacred mountain and a place of pilgrimage, when before the Communist liberation up to 10,000 Golok people would make the 120-mile circumambulation of the mountain each year. The first European to describe the mountain was the British explorer Brigadier-General George Pereira on his expedition on foot from Peking to Lhasa of 1921-2, sometimes reckoned one of the great geographical discoveries of the twentieth century. Pereira, who saw Amne Machin from about 70 miles away, thought its "height must be at least 25,000 feet, and might be anything; it dwarfed all other mountains near it."</p><br>
<p>However, the massif remained unclimbed until 1960. The Amne Machin mountains had been overflown by a few American pilots who overestimated the elevation to 30,000 feet (9,100 m). A 1930 article of the National Geographic estimated the peak elevation to 28,000 feet according to the report of Joseph Rock, an American botanist and explorer who, despite death threats from the Golog Tibetans, had ventured to within 80 km of the mountain. For a while, the mountains were considered as a possible place for a peak higher than Mount Everest. While Rock only downgraded his estimate publicly in 1956 to "not much more than 21,000 feet", he did give a detailed description of the peaks: By 1980 Anyi Machen had been resurveyed at 6,282 m.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>In 1960, a Chinese expedition climbed the mountain, but it was demonstrated in 1980 that this expedition climbed Amne Machin II (Roche&#39;s Chenrezig, 6,268 m), 7 km SSE from the highest summit.</p><br>
<p>In 1981, Amne Machin I (Dradullunshog) was reached near-simultaneously by three groups, each of which had been led to believe they were the first and only ones to obtain a permit from the Chinese government. A Japanese expedition approached the summit from the south and put Giichiro Watanabe, Yoshio Yamamoto and Katsumi Miyake on top on May 22, 1981, and five other expedition members 3 days later. Within three weeks, the American climbers Galen Rowell, Harold Knutsen and Kim Schmitz made an Alpine-style ascent over the East ridge of the NE summit to reach the main summit on June 9. They did not see any evidence of an earlier ascent. The very next day Siegfried Hupfauer, Hans Gaschbauer, Franz Lämmerhofer, Gerhard Schmatz and Peter Vogler of an Austro-German expedition reached the summit as well. They had followed the Japanese route and the 3000 feet of fixed rope they encountered en route convinced them that the Japanese had been the first to summit. The mountain remained busy that summer, as Kim Schmitz returned to the summit with two Canadian clients on June 12, another Japanese party summited in August, and in September an Australian team climbed the impressive NE face and descended over the 6 km long unclimbed NNE ridge.</p><br>
<h2>In Popular Culture</h2><br>
<p>"Beyond the Great Snow Mountains", The Collected Short Stories of Louis L&#39;Amour, Vol. 4, Part 1: Adventure Stories.</p><br>
<p>Ise Bay is a bay located at the mouth of the Kiso Three Rivers between Mie and Aichi Prefectures in Japan. Ise Bay has an average depth of 19.5 metres and a maximum depth of 30 metres toward the centre. The mouth of the bay is 9 kilometres wide and is connected to the smaller Mikawa Bay by two channels: the Nakayama Channel and the Morosaki Channel. Mikawa Bay is subsequently joined to the Pacific Ocean by the Irako Channel, which ranges from 50 to 100 metres in depth.</p><br>
<h2>History and environment</h2><br>
<p>Ise Bay derives its name from the region surrounding Ise Grand Shrine and the city of Ise, where the shrine stands. The flat coastal plain that stretches from Kuwana in northern Mie Prefecture to Ise is called the Ise Plain and this plain lies on the western shore of Ise Bay. Prior to the Meiji Period, Ise Province consisted of most of modern Mie Prefecture.</p><br>
<p>From ancient times, Ise Bay has provided the people of the surrounding regions with a rich abundance of natural resources as well as providing easy transport. As a result, unique communities developed around the bay and fishing (including Ise Ebi), pearl farming, rice crops, and manufacturing industries flourished. Nagoya Port, located on the northern shore of Ise Bay, is the largest trading port in Japan. Chubu Centrair International Airport, built on an artificial island in the bay, was opened in 2005 to serve the region.</p><br>
<p>After the end of the Second World War, the Ise Bay region contributed greatly to the rapid recovery of the Japanese economy. This rapid expansion of large industry has come at a cost, though, with pollution affecting the water quality and with landfills and the like reducing the number of tidelands, seaweed beds, and other areas vital in preserving the habitat of local flora and fauna. Sea walls built to protect human habitation, particularly after the 1959 Ise-wan Typhoon, have left more and more areas virtually cut off from the sea.</p><br>
<p>Ise Bay also has three active faults: Ise Bay fault, Suzuka-oki fault and the Shiroko-noma fault.</p><br>
<h2>Ise-wan Typhoon</h2><br>
<p>On September 26, 1959, the Ise-wan Typhoon (Typhoon Vera) devastated the Ise Bay area. Rising tidal levels and pounding surf collapsed banks and inundated low-lying areas of the coast. 5,041 people were killed or missing, 38,921 were injured, and 149,187 houses were totally or partially destroyed. Estimates place the cost of the damage between 500 and 600 billion yen. The damage and loss of life caused by the Ise-wan Typhoon remains the worst recorded by a typhoon in Japan.</p><br>
<p>Black Dome Mountain is the most northerly summit of the Camelsfoot Range, which lies along the west side of the Fraser River, north of Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada. It is an ancient butte-like volcano located in the formation known as the Chilcotin Group, which lie between the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains and the mid-Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada.</p><br>
<h2>Location and terrain</h2><br>
<p>Black Dome is located in the angle of Churn Creek and the Fraser Canyon, 27 km southwest of Dog Creek Bridge at Gang Ranch. It is the northernmost summit of the Camelsfoot Range, which lines the west bank of the Fraser north of Lillooet. The Churn Creek Protected Area adjoins the north and western flanks of the mountain, while the Fraser Canyon runs southward along its eastern flank.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Like other volcanic landforms in British Columbia, Black Dome Mountain is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire which includes over 160 active volcanoes. There are obsidian deposits and other deposits around the volcano. It has produced olivine basalt dykes, lavas, and agglomerate. Black Dome Mountain is thought to have formed as a result of extension of the crust behind the Cascadia subduction zone and last erupted during the Pliocene.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the early 1950s, Black Dome Mountain was the site of gold mining prospects by Bralorne Mines Inc. and produced a bit of an excitement for people that lived near the mountain.</p><br>
<p>or Wielka Czantoria  is a mountain on the border of Poland  and the Czech Republic , in the Silesian Beskids mountain range and historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It reaches a height of 995 meters. Parts of the mountain on both sides are designated a protected area.</p><br>
<p>It is distinct for its steep slopes in the east and the west. Mostly coniferous trees grow on its slopes. It is the largest peak of the Czech part of the Silesian Beskids. There is a 29 m-high lookout tower on the mountain and mountain hut on the Czech side of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The mountain hut was constructed in 1904 by the German tourist association Beskidenverein, and was named Erzherzogin Isabella Schutzhaus in honor of Archduchess Isabella of Austria. In 1920 the new border between the states of Poland and Czechoslovakia was established running across the mountain (thus creating Zaolzie region). After World War II and expropriation of German property, the hut was nationalized by the Czechoslovak government. A smaller mountain hut was built on the Polish side in 1962.</p><br>
<p>In 1965-1967 a chairlift was constructed on the Polish side, it has been renovated several times since. Reaching the mountain via chairlift takes roughly 6 minutes. The mountain can be hiked from both sides of the border, though the Polish side offers easier access to the summit from Ustroń. The Knight&#39;s hiking trail from the Czech side runs through the village of Nýdek (Nydek).</p><br>
<p>The George H. Gurler House or simply, the Gurler House, is a home in the DeKalb County, Illinois city of DeKalb. The home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places to which it was added in 1979. The home was built in 1857 and was occupied by members of George H. Gurler&#39;s extended family as early as 1888. Gurler was the co-founder of the Gurler Brothers Creamery.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Gurler House was constructed in the Greek Revival style of architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The early years</h3><br>
<p>The Gurler House is estimated to have been constructed in 1857; however, county records are not available for that time period. A sign in the front yard of the Gurler House lists it as 1857, and the Gurler Heritage Association celebrated the sesquicentennial of the house in 2007.</p><br>
<p>In approximately 1857, a local banker, Ellzey Young, had the home built for himself and his new bride, Alida Ellwood. Alida was the younger sister of barbed wire baron Isaac Ellwood ( George Gurler would not purchase the home until years later.</p><br>
<p>There are conflicting reports on the original owners of the property. One assertion is that Wyman constructed the home and sold it to the Gurlers, which was also stated by Beatrice "Bea" Gurler in an interview with the Daily Chronicle in DeKalb. However, according to the property abstract this is simply not true.</p><br>
<p>According to that document the Gurler House, as it eventually would become known, began its history as a 80 acre tract of land sold by the USA government to Steven S. Jones on April 13, 1844. Jones was a resident of Kane County. It is possible that Jones was a land speculator who gathered up pieces of property scattered across northeast Illinois. The 1878 collection "Past and Present of Kane County, Illinois," described Jones as a St. Charles attorney born on July 23, 1813 in Barry, Vermont. He moved to Illinois in June 1838 with his wife Lavinia where he has been credited with naming St. Charles.</p><br>
<p>In 1846 the family sold the 80 acre in DeKalb (then known as Huntley&#39;s Grove) to Russell Huntley, a founding settler of DeKalb. Huntley, with his brother Lewis, co-owned the property until 1851 when an entry in the abstract indicates that John M. Goodell, another early DeKalb settler, received the land as a result of legal action against the Huntleys. Regardless, Goodell eventually sold the parcel back to Lewis Huntley in 1853. Huntley then platted the land as an addition to the town. He laid out 93 city lots in all.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The property that would eventually become the Gurler House was sold to the man who would eventually construct the home which would become the Gurler House, Ellzey P. Young, in 1857. Young along with his wife Alida Young (who was the younger sister of Isaac Ellwood) paid Huntley $320 for the three lots that make up the property where the Gurler House stands today. This entry on the property abstract confirms the widely held and long standing belief that the house was constructed in 1857. There is, however, another possibility.</p><br>
<p>If the second possibility were true it would mean that the Gurler House is one year younger than it is traditionally thought to be, being built in 1858 instead of 1857. Records show that Young took out a mortgage on the land for $537 in February 1858. It is thought that this money could have given the Youngs enough cash to build the Gurler House over a more humble home such as a log cabin.</p><br>
<h3>The Gurlers move in</h3><br>
<p>The Gurler family, under the patriarchy of George, moved into the home in 1893. Gurlers nephews, sons of his brother Henry, with whom he had started the dairy that led to their success, had occupied the home since 1888 and did until Gurler moved in. The Gurler Brothers Creamerys proprietary milking and manufacturing process was later sold to HP Hood in exchange for 5% claim of the Hood company. The partial ownership of HP Hood and Gurler House were eventually inherited by heir Emrah Gurler who then donated the home to the DeKalb Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Beatrice Gurler, daughter of George H. Gurler, lived in the house until her death in 1977. Shortly thereafter, community members worked together to save the house from being demolished, partially paying for the property with Community Development Block Grant money invested by the city of DeKalb. The story is a very interesting one, with many twists and turns, to be found in a history prepared by Northern Illinois University Students and currently resting on the piano in the Gurler House community room.</p><br>
<p>Atalaya Castle, is correctly and historically known simply as Atalaya, and was the winter home of industrialist and philanthropist Archer M. Huntington and his wife, the sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington, located in Huntington Beach State Park near the Atlantic coast in Murrells Inlet, Georgetown County, South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Archer Huntington was a noted scholar of Spanish culture and art, and designed the residence in the Moorish Revival and Mediterranean Revival architecture styles from Spanish Andalusian coast models.</p><br>
<h2>Residence</h2><br>
<p>Atalaya was built near the Atlantic Ocean in northeastern South Carolina, within present day Huntington Beach State Park. The location was chosen as a milder winter retreat for the health of Anna Huntington, who suffered from tuberculosis from the mid-twenties to the mid-thirties.</p><br>
<p>The 200 by 200 foot (60 by 60 m) masonry structure was built from 1931 to 1933 apparently without drawn plans, Archer Huntington had already designed the residence for them with his detailed imagination in his head. Local labor was used at Archer Huntington&#39;s insistence to provide work for a community hard hit by the Great Depression.</p><br>
<h3>Description</h3><br>
<p>Atalaya (AH-tuh-lie-yuh) means "watchtower" in Arabic, as in the real Atalaya Castle in Spain. The house is dominated by a square tower, which housed a 3,000 gallon water tank. Rising nearly 40 feet (12 m) from a covered walkway, it bisects Atalaya&#39;s inner court. The inner walls of the main courtyard were covered with creeping fig vines, Sabal palmettos, the South Carolina state tree, and other palms.</p><br>
<p>The living quarters consist of 30 rooms around three sides of the perimeter, while the studio, with its 25-foot (8 m) skylight, opens onto a small, enclosed courtyard where Anna Hyatt Huntington worked on her sculptures. Pens for animal models, including horses, dogs and bears, are situated adjacent to the open studio. The building also features hand-wrought iron grills designed by Mrs. Huntington, which cover the exteriors of windows. These and shutters were installed for protection against hurricane winds.</p><br>
<p>During World War II the Huntingtons vacated Atalaya and provided it to the Army Air Corps for use from 1942 to 1946.</p><br>
<p>The Huntingtons last used Atalaya as their winter home in 1947. Most of the furnishings were sent to New York City after Mr. Huntingtons death in 1955. The studio equipment was moved to a new studio at Brookgreen Gardens just across USA Route 17, which cut through the Huntingtons former contiguous property.</p><br>
<h2>Public era</h2><br>
<p>The 2,500-acre (10 km²) tract was leased to the state in 1960 for use as a state park. Mrs. Huntington died in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Atalaya Castle was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and was included in the designation of Atalaya and Brookgreen Gardens (along with the sculpture garden at Brookgreen Gardens) as a National Historic Landmark District in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Friends of Huntington Beach State Park offer guided tours of Atalaya and operate the Atalaya Visitor Center with exhibits about the house and the Huntingtons.</p><br>
<p>The annual Atalaya Arts and Crafts Festival is held each year in late September.</p><br>
<h2>Photos</h2><br>
<p>The Itcha Range, also known as the Itchas, is a small isolated mountain range in the West-Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It is located northeast of the community of Anahim Lake. With a maximum elevation of, it is the lowest of three mountain ranges on the Chilcotin Plateau extending east from the Coast Mountains. Two mountains are named in the Itcha Range; Mount Downton and Itcha Mountain. A large provincial park surrounds the Itcha Range and other features in its vicinity. More than 15 animal species are known to exist in the Itcha Range area, as well as a grassland community that is limited only to this location of British Columbia. The Itcha Range resides in the territory of aboriginal peoples who have occupied this region for centuries. This area has a relatively dry environment compared to the Coast Mountains in the west.</p><br>
<p>In contrast to most mountain ranges in British Columbia, the Itcha Range represents an inactive shield volcano. This highly dissected volcanic edifice consists of a variety of rock types, including basanite, hawaiite, trachyte, rhyolite, phonolite and alkali olivine basalt. They were deposited by different types of volcanic eruptions characterized by passive lava flows and explosivity. Two stages of eruptive activity have been identified at the volcano along with three sub-phases that are limited only to the first stage of development. The main body of the Itcha Range is between 3.8 and 3.0 million years old and thus over two million years ago it passed the most active shield stage of life. A period of dormancy lasting for almost a million years followed, which was interrupted by the post-shield stage of volcanism 2.2 to 0.8 million years ago. More recent volcanic activity in and around the Itcha Range might have occurred in the last 340,000 years to produce cinder cones.</p><br>
<p>The Itcha Range is part of an east-west trending volcanic zone called the Anahim Volcanic Belt. This consists of large shield volcanoes, small cinder cones, lava domes and lava flows that become progressively younger from west to east. Several explanations have been made regarding the creation of this feature, each citing a different geologic process. If volcanic activity were to resume at the Itcha Range, Canada&#39;s Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan (IVENP) is prepared to notify people threatened by eruptions.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location and terrain</h3><br>
<p>The Itcha Range is situated on the northern Chilcotin Plateau, a subdivision of the Fraser Plateau which in turn is one of the main subdivisions of the large Interior Plateau. It is bordered on the west by the Ilgachuz Range, another mountain range on the Chilcotin Plateau. The Itcha Range is located within one of British Columbia&#39;s many territorial divisions known as the Range 3 Coast Land District.</p><br>
<p>Stream erosion has played a significant role in dissecting the mountain range, and many of its peaks are dotted with glaciers. Three streams drain the Itcha Range, namely Corkscrew Creek, Downton Creek and Shag Creek. Although the Itcha Range has been dissected by stream erosion and subsequently glaciated, its original shape has been largely preserved. Rocks in the Itcha Range are a variety of colours, including red, white and yellow.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>The climate of the Itcha Range is influenced by the presence of the Coast Mountains to the west, which disrupt the flow of the prevailing westerly winds and causes them to drop most of their moisture on the western slopes of the Coast Mountains before reaching the Interior Plateau, casting a rain shadow over the Itcha Range.</p><br>
<p>In contrast to the Coast Mountains, the Interior Plateau experiences a precipitation peak in the summer months, reflecting the influence of summer convective storms, and most of winter precipitation falls as snow. The mean annual precipitation for the area ranges from about while the mean annual temperature is approximately, with a summer mean of and a winter mean of.</p><br>
<h3>Flora and fauna</h3><br>
<p>The Itcha Range area is home to a grassland ecosystem that has not been found elsewhere in southern or central British Columbia. It is dominated by communities of Altai fescue and lichen. Extensive and diverse alpine and subalpine vegetation is also present in the area, some species of which are at the northernmost or southernmost of their range.</p><br>
<p>Several animal species inhabit around the Itcha Range. Among them are cougars, wolves, grizzly bears, black bears, moose, mule deers, mountain goats, beavers, coyotes, red foxes, muskrats, martens, river otters, lynx and wolverines. Also present is the largest herd of woodland caribou in southern British Columbia, as well as the most northerly population of California bighorn sheep in North America.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<h3>Tectonic setting</h3><br>
<p>A number of mechanisms have been proposed to interpret the origin of volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt. This includes rift propagation and melting of mantle associated with lithospheric fracturing due to flexuring of the crust along the northern edge of the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate.</p><br>
<p>The Anahim hotspot is underlain by a low-velocity anomaly that extends approximately into the mantle north of the Juan de Fuca slab. However, this low-velocity anomaly may extend deeper southward beneath the Juan de Fuca slab. Coupled with the well documented temporal progression of surface volcanism, this has led to the conclusion that the Anahim hotspot is supplied by a mantle plume over slab edge flow. A small high-velocity anomaly east of Nazko Cone marks the eastern extent of the Anahim hotspot track.</p><br>
<p>Magmatism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt can be traced as far back as 10–14 million years ago with the emplacement of dike swarms and plutons as well as the eruption of rhyolite flows and breccias on the British Columbia Coast. The slow continuous westward motion of the North American Plate during the late Neogene positioned the Anahim hotspot further east at the Chilcotin Plateau where volcanic activity built the Rainbow Range shield volcano 8.7 to 6.7 million years ago. Volcanism then shifted eastwards, in displacement contrary with the North American Plate&#39;s movement, 6.1 million years ago to construct the Ilgachuz Range shield volcano, which became extinct 2.1 million years later. Renewed volcanic activity southeast of the Ilgachuz Range starting 3.5 million years ago led to the creation of the Itcha Range, the youngest of the three Anahim shield volcanoes. The Itcha Range continued to be an area of Anahim hotspot volcanism well into the Quaternary period (2.58 million years ago to present).</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>The Itcha Range is the smallest shield volcano in the Anahim Volcanic Belt in terms of area covered. Unlike the Rainbow and Ilgachuz ranges, the Itcha Range is composed of small coalescing volcanic units rather than a stratiform volcanic pile. It is, in many respects, similar to the small alkaline shields found in Kenya and Ethiopia along the East African Rift. About 60% of the shield is exposed while roughly 40% of it remains buried under glacial drift deposits. This suggests that the Itcha Range was glaciated repeatedly during the Pleistocene epoch. Glacial striae on polished surfaces of some of the oldest volcanic rocks in the eastern part of the shield and the local presence of drift deposits throughout the stratigraphy indicate that glaciation and volcanism were contemporaneous through much of the volcanic history of the Itcha Range.</p><br>
<p>With a maximum elevation of, the Itcha Range is the lowest of the three Anahim shield volcanoes. Its highest point is Mount Downton, which is situated in the middle of the shield. Just to the northeast is Itcha Mountain, the second highest peak with an elevation of. These peaks are situated on top of the shield, which has a topographic prominence of about.</p><br>
<p>The Itcha Range has a broad, gently sloping structure typical of shield volcanoes. It is mainly composed of thick felsic lava flows that were erupted from a central vent. These are overlain by thick mafic alkaline lava flows and at least 30 small cinder cones. Hawaiite is the dominant rock type, but alkali olivine basalt and spinel lherzolite-bearing basanite is also present. They merge laterally with lavas of the much older Chilcotin Group, which surrounds the Anahim Volcanic Belt. However, the exact nature of the relationship between the Anahim Volcanic Belt and the Chilcotin Group is unknown.</p><br>
<p>Exposed in the middle of the mountain range is an assemblage of deformed andesite to dacite lava flows and volcanoclastic sediments. These basement rocks were created during the late Mesozoic era, long before the Itcha Range formed. They are similar to rocks found in the Hazelton Group, situated north of the Itcha Range, and the Ootsa Lake Group of the Intermontane Belt.</p><br>
<h3>Volcanic history</h3><br>
<p>Two stages of volcanic activity constructed the Itcha Range. The first stage, referred to as the felsic shield-building stage, occurred between 3.8 and 3.0 million years ago. Three phases comprise this stage; a pre-explosive phase, an explosive phase and a post-explosive phase. Analysis of the first trachyte magmas to erupt during the pre-explosive phase suggest they were relatively fluid as shown by their areal extent. Eruptions became more viscous during the explosive phase, followed by more viscosity during the post-explosive phase. As a result, the volume of erupted material became smaller over time. The increasing viscousness of felsic lava during the shield-building stage suggests a maturing plumbing system underneath the Itcha Range, which may have consisted of multiple, isolated, cupola-type magma chambers.</p><br>
<p>A 900,000‑year‑long period of quiescence followed after the felsic shield-building stage, during which time erosion ate away at the shield&#39;s gentle slopes. This quiescence was followed by a mafic capping stage between 2.2 and 0.8 million years ago, but renewed activity might have occurred in the last 340,000 years. Alkali olivine basalts of the mafic capping stage were derived from the fractionation of a clinopyroxene, olivine and oxide assemblage. However, the associated hawaiite lavas may have derived from an alkali olivine basalt parent by the fractionation of a clinopyroxene-dominated assemblage at higher pressures. As volcanic activity waned during the mafic capping stage, lava flows became more viscous and decreased in volume. This suggests that parental magmas may have been derived by increasingly smaller degrees of partial melting with time. If volcanic activity of the Itcha Range is related to a hotspot, this temporal and spatial evolution would suggest a waning heat source.</p><br>
<p>The main body of the shield erupted over an area of about. Volcanic activity associated with the Itcha Range extended south to the Satah Mountain area where lavas erupted along a north-northwest trending fault system and covered an additional area of.</p><br>
<h4>Felsic shield-building stage</h4><br>
<p>The felsic shield-building stage began with the eruption of phonolite, trachyte, phonolitic trachyte, quartz-trachyte and rhyolite lava. Subsequent volcanism of the pre-explosive phase produced a basal sequence of aphyric trachyte lava flows and domes with minor altered flow-banded rhyolite, sulfide-bearing rhyolitic tuffs and a few thin hawaiite lava flows. This activity was concentrated at the summit of the volcano as shown by the increasing thickness of volcanic material towards the summit. A hydrothermally altered aphyric trachyte dike, which forms a narrow ridge linking Mount Downton and Itcha Mountain, might have been the source for these eruptions.</p><br>
<p>After the basal trachytes were erupted, the explosive phase produced alkali-feldspar porphyritic trachytes, which erupted as pyroclastic deposits with minor, small lava flows and domes. The explosive eruptions produced pumice flows, bedded tuffs, debris flows, reworked polymict debris flows and lava flows less than thick. The porphyritic trachytes erupted at the summit of the shield and flowed towards the northeast and east. Because the porphyritic pyroclastic deposits are buried by younger volcanic rocks and glacial drift deposits, the maximum thickness of them is unknown.</p><br>
<p>The felsic shield-building stage ended with the post-explosive phase. This phase of activity created small volcanic plugs, lava flows, minor pyroclastic flows, channelized debris flows and a few glassy dikes at the summit of the shield volcano. These consist of alkali-feldspar porphyritic quartz-trachyte and trachyte. Alkali-feldspar quartz-trachyte plugs formed in rhyolites and trachytes of the pre-explosive phase, as well as pyroclastic deposits and feldspar trachyte lava flows of the explosive phase. Later activity produced trachyte and phonolite plugs and lava flows. This volcanism occurred mainly at the shield&#39;s summit and on its western flank. Massive lava flows from this volcanic activity have a thickness of about while three successive lava flows at the summit have a combined thickness of more than. Lava from the western flank flowed over basement rocks and trachytes of the pre-explosive phase. In contrast, lava from the summit flowed over pyroclastic rocks and lava flows of the explosive phase. Mount Downton and Itcha Mountain were formed during this eruptive period. The final volcanic event of the post-explosive phase produced thick trachyte lava flows on the western flank.</p><br>
<h4>Mafic capping stage</h4><br>
<p>During the mafic capping stage, basanite, alkali olivine basalt and hawaiite erupted mainly from small parasitic cones, tuff rings and fissures in the eastern half of the shield. Eruptions occurred subglacially, subaqueously and/or subaerially as shown by a wide range in the degree of vesicularity, freshness and glass content of the lavas. In most cases, each parasitic cone produced three or four lava flows from breaches in the cone walls. These were erupted as pāhoehoe and ʻaʻā, but the tops of the lava flows are commonly missing due to erosion. Hawaiite was the most extensively erupted lava of the mafic capping stage, occurring mostly at the southern end of the Itcha Range but also in its interior.</p><br>
<p>Volcanism of the mafic capping stage began with the eruption of aphyric hawaiite lava flows. These were extruded from dikes and dissected cinder cones in the central and southeastern parts of the Itcha Range. Alkali olivine basalts were erupted contemporaneously from younger better preserved cinder cones and form lava flows reaching thick. Once the alkali olivine basalt flows cooled, they formed well-developed columnar joints. Feldspar-phyric, highly vesiculated hawaiites and benmoreites were later erupted from several vents on the summit of Itcha Mountain.</p><br>
<p>In the northwestern and northeastern parts of the shield volcano, basanite lava flows were erupted and are volumetrically subordinate. These represent the youngest known lavas of the Itcha Range. However, a cinder cone in the middle of the shield could be much younger, perhaps as young as the basanites at Nazko Cone to the east, which were erupted 340,000 to 7,100 years ago. The older basanites in the Itcha Range may have been erupted contemporaneously with the late feldspar hawaiites.</p><br>
<h3>Parasitic cones</h3><br>
<p>Parasitic cones of the Itcha Range shield were formed mainly during the Early Pleistocene mafic capping stage between 2.2 and 0.8 million years ago. The duration of volcanic activity at these cones can last from hours to years. Parasitic cones of the Itcha Range are small cinder cones situated at the summit and flanks of the shield volcano.</p><br>
<h2>Human history</h2><br>
<h3>Naming</h3><br>
<p>The Itcha Range has had at least two forms of names throughout its history. It was originally named the Itcha Mountains as identified in the 1930 BC Gazetteer. This form of name remained official until March 13, 1947 when it was changed to its current form, Itcha Range, as part of an official government policy. Larger mountain ranges throughout British Columbia, such as the Coast Mountains, retained their gazetted names whereas smaller ones, especially ranges of larger groupings, were subjected to renaming. In more casual speech, the Itcha Range is referred to as the Itchas. The name Itcha is indigenous in origin, coming from the local Tsilhqot&#39;in people.</p><br>
<p>Mount Downton was named by D. M. MacKay, a member of the British Columbia Land Surveyors (BCLS) who conducted topographical surveys in the area. He named it after Geoffrey M. Downton, another BCLS member who is credited for first noting the hydroelectric potential inherent in the elevation differential between the Bridge River and Seton Lake on opposing sides of Mission Ridge above Shalalth in December 1912. This name for the mountain was adopted on February 7, 1947. The name Itcha Mountain was adopted on March 4, 1954 for the range&#39;s second highest peak.</p><br>
<h3>Occupation</h3><br>
<p>Indigenous people of the Dakelh and Tsilhqotin tribes have inhabited the area for hundreds of years. In pre-contact times, these people lived a nomadic lifestyle. They did not build permanent structures in which to live, as they moved from region to region to find food and resources. Animals such as martin, moose and caribou were hunted and trapped by the Dakelh and Tsilhqotin tribes. In summer, these people gathered roots, plants and a volcanic glass called obsidian. Anahim obsidian was traded widely throughout the Interior and up and down the Coast from the community of Bella Coola. Arrowheads and knives were made from obsidian because when it breaks with a characteristic conchoidal fracture, it creates very sharp edges. A modified form of this lifestyle is practiced by some indigenous people to this day.</p><br>
<p>Settlers arrived in the area from Bella Coola in the early 1900s to establish ranches. One particular ranch, the Home Ranch, used the Blackwater Trail between the Ilgachuz and Itcha ranges to carry supplies and cattle to be sold at cattle sales in the small city of Quesnel. Remains of this ranch are still present, as well as many trails that were used as supply routes.</p><br>
<p>The Itcha Range and the surrounding area were designated as a Class A provincial park in 1995 to protect the alpine grasslands, wetlands and wildlife habitats. This protected area was named Itcha Ilgachuz Provincial Park after the Itcha and Ilgachuz ranges, the latter of which is also in the park.</p><br>
<h2>Monitoring and volcanic hazards</h2><br>
<p>Like other volcanoes in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, the Itcha Range is not monitored closely enough by the Geological Survey of Canada to ascertain how active its magma system is. The Canadian National Seismograph Network has been established to monitor earthquakes throughout Canada, but it is too far away to provide an accurate indication of activity under the range. It may sense an increase in seismic activity if the Itcha Range becomes highly restless, but this may only provide a warning for a large eruption; the system might detect activity only once the volcano has started erupting. If the Itcha Range were to erupt, mechanisms exist to orchestrate relief efforts. The Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan (IVENP) was created to outline the notification procedure of some of the main agencies that would respond to an erupting volcano in Canada, an eruption close to the Canada–United States border or any eruption that would affect Canada.</p><br>
<p>Because of the remote location of the Itcha Range, future eruptions are not a major hazard. Future volcanism is most likely in the form of basaltic cinder cones, but eruptions of felsic magma can not be ruled out. The most immediate hazard relating to future eruptions is of local concern only and includes the possibility of forest fires by lava flows and the disruption of local air traffic if an eruption column is produced. Volcanic ash reduces visibility and can cause jet engine failure, as well as damage to other aircraft systems.</p><br>
<p>The Embassy Theatre is a movie theatre in Wellington, New Zealand, located at the Eastern end of Courtenay Place in the shadow of Mount Victoria. Originally built in 1924, the building has undergone a series of remodels and changes in ownership. It is currently owned by the Wellington City Council and temporarily administered by the Embassy Theatre Trust. Management rights were sold to SKYCITY Cinemas in October 2005, and is now part of AHL owned Event Cinemas. The theatre is recognised as a place of historical/cultural significance by Heritage New Zealand and is the only custom-built 1920s cinema still in use in New Zealand.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Llewelyn Williams, the building opened on October, 31st, 1924, operated by De Luxe Theatres. In 1945, the original name of the theatre ("De Luxe") was changed to "The Embassy". Further remodels were undertaken in the early 2000s in advance of the world premiere screening of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. The remodel was underwritten by a $4.5 million (NZD) grant provided by the Wellington City Council. Part of the condition of providing this funding was that ownership of the building be given to the Council. In addition to strengthening the building against the city&#39;s many earthquakes, renovations also included an update to the interior to bring it more in keeping with the original theatre design.</p><br>
<h2>Building features</h2><br>
<p>Designed in the classical style, the interior of the Embassy Theatre includes a marble staircase with brass fittings, tiled walls and floors, and dark wooden fixtures. Many of the furnishings reflect the overall style, which even carries into the design of the restrooms, which mirror the tiling with and dark wooden fixtures found elsewhere in the theatre. The theatre has three screens, the largest of which is thought to be one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. Other amenities include a snack bar and Blondini&#39;s Cafe and Jazz Lounge, which provides a wide selection of food and drink options in addition hosting live jazz music. The ground floor also contains the Black Sparrow cocktail bar.</p><br>
<h2>The Embassy Theatre in the news</h2><br>
<p>The theatre was thrust into the international cinematic limelight when it hosted the world premiere of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King on December 1, 2003. Nearly 120,000 people lined the red carpet along Courtenay Place to watch the procession of actors and filmmakers as they made their way into the theatre for the screening. Additionally, the theatre played host to the Australasian premieres of The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers, the world premiere of The Return of the King and more recently, a red carpet screening of Peter Jackson&#39;s King Kong and the world premiere of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey.</p><br>
<h2>Other events</h2><br>
<p>The Embassy Theatre also takes part in the New Zealand International Arts Festival as well as the New Zealand International Film Festival.</p><br>
<p>King Sound is a large gulf in northern Western Australia. It expands from the mouth of the Fitzroy River, one of Australia&#39;s largest watercourses, and opens to the Indian Ocean. It is about 120 km long, and averages about 50 km in width. The port town of Derby lies near the mouth of the Fitzroy River on the eastern shore of King Sound. King Sound has the highest tides in Australia, and amongst the highest in the world, reaching a maximum tidal range of 11.8 metres at Derby. The tidal range and water dynamic were researched in 1997–1998.</p><br>
<p>Other rivers that discharge into the sound include the Lennard River, Meda River, Robinson River and May River.</p><br>
<p>King Sound is bordered by the island clusters of the Buccaneer Archipelago to the East and Cape Leveque to the West.</p><br>
<p>The traditional owners and original inhabitants of the area are the Indigenous Australians the Nimanburu, Njulnjul, Warwa peoples.</p><br>
<p>The first European to explore the Sound was William Dampier who visited the region aboard the Cygnet in 1688.</p><br>
<p>Philip Parker King surveyed the coastline in 1818 and named the area Cygnet Bay.</p><br>
<p>The area was later visited by John Stokes and John Wickham aboard the in 1838. The Sound is named after the noted surveyor, Philip Parker King.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s it was one the sites in the Kimberleys of a short lived gold rush.</p><br>
<p>Salmon Ruins is an ancient Chacoan and Pueblo site located in the northwest corner of New Mexico, USA. Salmon was constructed by migrants from Chaco Canyon around 1090 CE, with 275 to 300 original rooms spread across three stories, an elevated tower kiva in its central portion, and a great kiva in its plaza. Subsequent use by local Middle San Juan people  resulted in extensive modifications to the original building, with the reuse of hundreds of rooms, division of many of the original large, Chacoan rooms into smaller rooms, and emplacement of more than 20 small kivas into pueblo rooms and plaza areas. The site was occupied by ancient Ancestral Puebloans until the 1280s, when much of the site was destroyed by fire and abandoned . The pueblo is situated on the north bank of the San Juan River, just to the west of the modern town of Bloomfield, New Mexico, and about 45 mi north of Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon. The site was built on the first alluvial terrace above the San Juan River floodplain.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of Salmon Pueblo were excavated between 1970 and 1979, under the direction of Cynthia Irwin-Williams of Eastern New Mexico University in partnership with the San Juan County Museum Association (Irwin-Williams 2006, p. 17-27). The San Juan Valley Archaeological Program resulted in the excavation of slightly more than one-third of Salmon&#39;s ground floor rooms. More than 1.5 million artifacts and samples were recovered from Salmon. In 1980, Irwin-Williams and co-principal investigator Phillip Shelley wrote, compiled and edited a multivolume, 1,500-page report. The document fulfilled the reporting requirements for the series of grants under which the project had been completed but it was not intended for publication. Throughout the 1980s, Irwin-Williams and Shelley worked on a modified and greatly reduced manuscript, with the goal of producing a publishable report. This work ended with the untimely death of Cynthia Irwin-Williams in 1990.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, Archaeology Southwest (formerly the Center for Desert Archaeology) President Bill Doelle and staff met with Salmon Executive Director Larry Baker and forged a multiyear partnership. Archaeology Southwest&#39;s work at Salmon began in 2001 as the Salmon Reinvestment and Research Program, with archaeologist Paul Reed leading the effort. The research initiative comprised two primary tasks: first, to condense and edit the original 1980 Salmon report into a new, published technical report, and second, to conduct additional, primary research in several targeted areas, with the goal of producing material for a detailed technical report, as well as a synthetic volume. The three-volume report, entitled Thirty-Five Years of Archaeological Research at Salmon Ruins, New Mexico, was published in 2006 (Reed 2006a), followed by the synthetic-summary volume Chaco’s Northern Prodigies, published in 2008 (Reed 2008a). An additional component of the Archaeology Southwest effort at Salmon focused on the curation needs of the massive collection. These needs were partially addressed through a Save America’s Treasures grant for $150,000 awarded in 2002. The curation effort (repackaging and reboxing artifacts) has continued over the last 10 years.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and occupation</h2><br>
<p>Hundreds of tree-ring dates from Salmon indicate that the first and perhaps second stories were built between 1090 and 1095, using wood cut over a decade. The plan of the Salmon great house is very similar to that of Hungo Pavi in Chaco Canyon and nearby Aztec Ruins, built after Salmon between 1100 and 1125. The Chacoan occupation of Salmon ended by 1125, but the site was not abandoned. Subsequent use by local Middle San Juan Puebloans occurred from 1125 to the 1280s. After 1200, during the San Juan period, the site saw increased activity and population and contact with Puebloans across the greater San Juan area. Although residents at Salmon traded with people from the Mesa Verde or Northern San Juan region, few people from Mesa Verde actually migrated to Salmon Pueblo (Reed 2009, p. 58).</p><br>
<p>At the end of its occupation in the 1280s, much of Salmon Pueblo was intentionally burned. Several rooms on the western side of the Pueblo contained bushels of corn that were consumed in the fire (Reed 2008b, p. 19). On the burned roof of the Tower Kiva in Salmons central roomblock, nearly 20 children and several adults were partially cremated at the sites abandonment. This event was originally interpreted as an act of warfare, with the deceased killed as a result of the fire. However, more detailed, subsequent analyses have revealed a much more complicated situation with the final cremation of the individuals at abandonment and little or no evidence for warfare (Akins 2008, p. 140-164).</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The walls of the Salmon great house were constructed of thin sandstone slabs in the classic Chaco Canyon style; Chaco veneer types II, III, and IV are represented (Baker 2006). The structure is rectangular in shape and is oriented with its long axis running roughly east-west. The long back (north) wall of the ruin is roughly 400 ft long.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor contained 150 rooms arranged into 25 suites with generally four rooms each; these are interpreted as family dwelling units. The room suites and other evidence of residential usage indicate that Salmon Pueblo was used as a primary great house residence during the Chacoan period (Reed 2008b), in contrast to other Chacoan great houses. Two roomblocks extend southward from each end of the rear section, enclosing a large plaza. The plaza contains a great kiva similar to the reconstructed one at Aztec Ruins. There is also an elevated "tower kiva" situated in the center of the main roomblock.</p><br>
<p>The rooms are roofed with large wooden beams and stringers (also known as vigas and latillas) in the style of most ancient and modern pueblo structures. The logs used as beams were cut from ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, spruce, and other large trees that had to be transported to the site from as far away as 40 mi.</p><br>
<p>The great kiva measures about 58 ft in diameter. The roof of the kiva was supported by four large columns built of alternating layers of stone and wood. These columns, in turn, support large conifer beams which held the massive roof. Salmon Pueblo contained other special function rooms, as well, including four milling rooms, two rooms with archaeo-astronomical features, and two rooms that served as workshops for making and repairing metates and other stone tools.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and interpretation</h2><br>
<p>In the late nineteenth century, Peter Milton Salmon, his son George Salmon, and their families homesteaded the property. Peter was born in Indiana in 1844 and died in Los Angeles in 1937. Before settling in New Mexico, he lived in southern Colorado, where he married Maria Encarnacion Archuleta, a member of an old New Mexican family. The Salmon homestead and outbuildings remain near the ruin and have been preserved as part of Salmon&#39;s Heritage Park. The Salmons, and later owner Charles Dustin, provided protection for the site.</p><br>
<p>The non-profit San Juan County Museum Association acquired the 22 acre tract of land containing the ancient site and the Salmon Family settlement in 1969. San Juan County made the final purchase of the property, and the association operates the facility under a lease agreement.</p><br>
<p>The Salmon Ruins Museum, located on the property, opened in 1973. It includes exhibits of artifacts found at the site, as well as rotating exhibits of regional interest topics. The museum, pueblo, and Salmon homestead are all open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The site was placed on the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Vattakottai Fort  is a seaside fort near Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu the southern tip of India. It was built in the 18th century as a coastal defence-fortification and barracks in the erstwhile Travancore kingdom.</p><br>
<p>It was constructed under the supervision of Captain Eustachius De Lannoy, an ex-Dutch naval officer of the Dutch East India Company, who became commander of the Travancore Army (the very army that defeated him in the Battle of Colachel) in the 18th century, after he earned the trust of the Travancore King Marthanda Varma. De Lannoy constructed Vattakottai, as part of the defence-fortifications he undertook throughout Travancore.</p><br>
<p>The fort is made of granite blocks and, today, a part of the fort extends into the sea. It is a protected site under the Indian archaeological department. A major renovation of the fort was undertaken recently by the department, and the site is now a popular tourist spot.</p><br>
<p>Vattakottai Fort commands a picturesque view of both the sea on the one side, and the hills (Western Ghats) on the other. Another interesting feature near the site is a beach of black sands. It is about 7 km from Kanyakumari town.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Orba is a torrent  of northern Italy.</p><br>
<h2>Toponimy</h2><br>
<p>Orba is a toponym which is quite frequent in Europe, especially in Italy, France and Spain in a variety of different forms and spelling.</p><br>
<p>The name has a Celtic origin related with Celtic mythology and as toponym is often associated with rivers whose sand were found to be rich in gold.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Orba c. 70 km course runs northwards through Piedmont from its springs in the Apennines (from the northern slopes of Monte Reixa) to its confluence with the Bormida, a right tributary of the Po. The Orba flows from a mountain region, where there are attractive villages such as Tiglieto, Molare and then it comes to Monferrato&#39;s hills.</p><br>
<p>Ovada is the biggest town in Orbas valley, and it has a central role among all other villages on top of hills: Rocca Grimalda, Tagliolo Monferrato, Cremolino, Silvano dOrba, Carpeneto, Castelletto d&#39;Orba, Predosa are only some of villages which were built around their own castles on top of rocky hills close to the river, surrounded by vineyard and woods.</p><br>
<p>Wines produced in this valley include: Dolcetto di Ovada, Barbera del Monferrato, Cortese di Gavi.</p><br>
<h2>Main tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Right Bank:</p><br>
<p>Carpescio,</p><br>
<p>Stura di Ovada,</p><br>
<p>Piota,</p><br>
<p>Albedosa,</p><br>
<p>Lemme.</p><br>
<p>Left Bank:</p><br>
<p>Orbarina,</p><br>
<p>Olbicella,</p><br>
<p>rio Meri,</p><br>
<p>Amione.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gold was extracted from Orba&#39;s sand long before the Romans founded a town in this forested area. Rondinaria is supposed to have been an important centre for gold extraction until the end of the Western Roman Empire: during the following centuries almost all traces of this old centre disappeared and the valley was again completely covered by forests. From 1700, many and expensive efforts were done in order to find out the gold field where the precious metal came from but nobody managed to detect it.</p><br>
<p>Gold extraction from sand grew up during the Fascist period, as answer to the embargo imposed by other nations on Italian gold trade. Today this activity turned into a local popular hobby and a museum of gold extraction was founded in Predosa, with collections of relics from the past of this old and glorious activity.</p><br>
<p>A reservoir named Lago di Ortiglieto built from 1917 to 1925 on the Orba collapsed after a period of heavy rains in August 1935 causing 111 deaths, mainly in the Ovada area.</p><br>
<p>Infernal Caverns is the site of an 1867 battle between USA armed forces and Shoshone, Paiute, and Pit River Indians. Infernal Caverns Battleground is California Historical Landmark No. 16.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Infernal Caverns, also known as Hell Caves, is located 6.5 miles west of Likely, California, and 1 mile south of the Ferry Ranch in Modoc County, California. The Infernal Caverns Battleground was the site of one of the last Indian battles fought in California, on September 26–27, 1867.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>United States Army General George Crook was sent west to quell Indian uprisings that had begun in 1848 when the Northern Paiutes, related to the Shoshone tribe, bitterly attacked and killed European-Americans. The last incident that had brought USA Army action was when marauding Indians killed 78 miners that were en route to Colorado.</p><br>
<p>With the 39th Mounted Infantry, General Crook tracked the Indians south from Goose Lake (which lies on what is now the California-Oregon border), engaging them in a desolate spot named Infernal Caverns. The two-day battle began high in a canyon covered with giant boulders, rocky caverns, and hollow fumaroles caused by lava flows. Eight soldiers were killed in action. Six were buried at the site, and a seventh, Sgt. David Rustler, was transported by double mule travois to Camp Warner at Goose Lake, where he died a few days later. Lt. John Madigan, the only officer killed in the fight, was buried just outside the town of Alturas, California.</p><br>
<h2>Memorial</h2><br>
<p>Six white marble tombstones were erected by the USA government to mark the burial location for the soldiers. One additional tombstone was added in 1995 for Private Willoughby Sawyer, who also died in this battle and whose marker was missing. This historical omission was discovered by California historian Chris J. Wright.</p><br>
<p>The Texas Technological College Dairy Barn, located on the Texas Tech University campus in Lubbock, Texas, was constructed from 1926–27 and served as a teaching facility for 40 years. The building was designed by architect W. C. Hedrick of Fort Worth, Texas, with assistance from Agricultural Dean A. H. Leidigh and Professor W. L. Stangel.</p><br>
<p>Until 1935, students would bring their own cows to campus and market their own milk products through the Student Dairy Association. After 1927, the Dairy Manufacturers department sold milk and ice cream to Lubbock residents and college cafeterias. The university moved its dairy facility elsewhere in 1967 and abandoned the dairy barn.</p><br>
<p>From 1990 through 1992, students raised funds to preserve the barn as a symbol of Texas Tech&#39;s agricultural roots. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Hostýnsko-vsetínská hornatina  is a mountain range in the Czech Republic.</p><br>
<p>The mountains are densely forested mainly by secondary spruce plantations. Most visited are the bordering Rožnovská Bečva river valley in the north (with Valašské Meziříčí and Rožnov pod Radhoštěm towns and Dolní, Prostřední and Horní (i.e. Lower, Middle and Upper) Bečva resorts) and the southern Vsetínská Bečva river valley starting in the town of Vsetín with the resort of Velké Karlovice.</p><br>
<p>The Hostýnsko-vsetínská hornatina Range is a part of the Western Carpathians, it is divided by the Bečva River valley into the lower eastern Hostýnské vrchy and the higher western Vsetínské vrchy which are a part of the Beskydy Landscape Protected Area. They are built mainly of flysch deposits and their high sediments in both Bečva rivers valleys. The flysch slopes are rather unstable and thus small landslides are typical for this area. The highest point is Vysoká (i.e. High Mountain), at 1,024 m, in the easternmost part of the range.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral of St. Lawrence  is a Roman Catholic triple-naved basilica constructed in Romanesque-Gothic in Trogir, Croatia. Since its construction lasted several centuries, it illustrates all the styles that succeeded one another in Dalmatia. It serves now as the most imposing monument in the city of Trogir.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built on the foundations of an Early Christian cathedral destroyed in the 12th century during the sack of the town by the Saracens in 1123. The building of the cathedral began in 1213 and finished during the 17th century. Like the older one, it is also dedicated to St. Lawrence (Sveti Lovro) but it is better known as St. John&#39;s Cathedral (Sveti Ivan) after bishop John, who died in 1111 and stood out for his saintly lifestyle at a time when the Hungarian King Koloman had taken over Dalmatia and Croatia. Most of the work in the construction of the cathedral took place in the 13th century, being mostly completed in 1251. That means the building is mainly in Romanesque style, whilst the vault inside is gothic as it was built during the 15th century, in Mannerist style.</p><br>
<p>Work on the bell tower began at the end of the 14th century, but it was not completed until the end of the 16th century. The first floor is in Gothic style and it was built by Masters Stejpan and Matej. After it had been demolished by the Venetians in 1420, it was restored by Matija Gojković. The second floor is in low Gothic style and was probably the work of Venetian masters, as it is reminiscent of the windows of the famous Venetian Palazzo Ca d&#39;Oro. The final floor was built by Trifun Bokanić (1575–1609). On top of the bell tower there are four statues, the work of Venetian sculptor Alessandro Vittoria (1525–1608). In the centre of the facade, within a small round opening, there is the carved coat of arms of the most powerful King, Ludvic of Angevin dynasty.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Trogir cathedral is the most archaic example in the construction of interior arcades in Dalmatia with heavy elongated piers separating the two Gothic-ribbed aisles from the nave, vaulted later also in Gothic style in the 15th century, three semi-circular apses and a vaulted interior above which rises the Campanile. Unfortunately, only one of the two planned towers (the southern), was raised. The cross vaults and the earlier terraces above the aisles are of Apulian influence.</p><br>
<p>A large vestibule was added in the 15th century and the artistically well-executed Gothic rosette on the western facade is from the same period. At the far end of the entrance hall there is a Gothic and Romanesque baptistery which was added to the cathedral in about 1467 by Andrija Aleši (1430–1504), a sculptor of Albanian origins and a pupil of Juraj Dalmatinac. The Gothic sacristy was added to the cathedral in the 15th century. The outside thick wall is divided by pilasters and pierced with arched opens.</p><br>
<h3>Romanesque portal</h3><br>
<p>The local architect and sculptor Master Radovan worked on the cathedral&#39;s gateway (main west portal) early in its construction. Most of the portal was carved by the master himself, but some other hands are distinguishable, those of his pupils and followers. Finished and signed in 1240, it is a monumental and perhaps unique work of this great Croatian artist, of whom the inscription on the base of the lunette says: "the best of all in this artisanship".</p><br>
<p>In terms of its thematic concept, the portal is divided into two parts: upper and lower. The upper part shows scenes from the Gospels, that is, the life of Christ. On the lunette there is the scene of the Nativity, and inside the arch above the lunette there are angels looking adoringly at the scene. The lunette and this arch are the work of Master Radovan. Over them there is another arch which also shows scenes from the life of Christ. On the interior of the doorposts there are pictures showing the various works done during the different seasons of the year. Radovan also worked on the two small columns covered in reliefs. On the exterior doorpost the saints and apostles are represented, the interior of the same posts are decorated with figures of exotic animals and fantastic creatures like centaurs and mermaids. Human forms dominate the portal. Both the internal and external doorposts rest on the back of bearers bent over, who are also the work of Radovan himself. Beside the portal, standing on the backs of two lions, stand the figures of Adam and Eve.</p><br>
<p>Other significant artisans who worked on the building were Matija Gojković, Ivan Budislavić, Grgur Vidov and Petar Pozdanić in the 15th century.</p><br>
<p>The cathedral is part of the historic core of Trogir, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<p>Zengő  is the highest mountain in Mecsek Mountains in southern Hungary &ndash; its height is 682 metres. The peak is situated in the southeastern part of the range. On its top, along with a look-out tower, the ruins of a small medieval castle are standing which was probably built on the site of an earlier guard tower of the Roman Empire.</p><br>
<p>The peak can be most easily reached from Pécsvárad or Hosszúhetény.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Its name literally translates as "resonant". According to the local legend the noise heard from the mountain from time to time is caused by treasure hunters who entered the mountainside hundreds of years ago and could never come out again.</p><br>
<h2>Radar plan</h2><br>
<p>In 2005 the Hungarian government abandoned a plan to build a NATO radar on the peak after fierce resistance to the plan from locals and green groups who argued that the radar and the adjacent road construction would damage strictly protected species living on the mountains including the Paeonia officinalis ssp. Banatica. Ninety percent of the total population of that rare flower lives on the Zengő.</p><br>
<p>Forcing the government to give up the plan was the most successful action of environmentalist in Hungary for over a decade. The defenders of the Zengő included former Constitutional Court head László Sólyom who in 2005 was elected President of the Republic by parliament despite the ruling Hungarian Socialist Party&#39;s will. Sólyom often takes tours on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Lake Poinsett is a lake in Brevard County, Florida, United States, near Rockledge and Cocoa, with small portions in Orange County and Osceola County. It is the second-largest lake in Brevard County, after Lake Washington, though it is actually the smallest lake in Osceola County. It is the widest lake in Brevard County, with a distance of 5 mi at its widest point. At the eastern portion of the lake, a channel connects Lake Florence and Barnett Lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Poinsett and all the other lakes flow northward as part of the St. Johns River system.</p><br>
<p>It is where the Saint Johns River runs along county lines north of the lake. It is part of the St. Johns River Water Management District. At the extreme northwest corner of Lake Poinsett is Taylor Creek, a tributary of the St. Johns River.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby places and roads</h2><br>
<p>County Road 532</p><br>
<p>State Road 520</p><br>
<p>Interstate 95</p><br>
<p>Tucker Lane</p><br>
<p>Cocoa West</p><br>
<p>Cocoa</p><br>
<p>Rockledge</p><br>
<p>Canaveral Groves</p><br>
<p>Lake Poinsett Road</p><br>
<p>Providence Ave.</p><br>
<p>Bird Island</p><br>
<p>Robin Island Amber Lane</p><br>
<p>Angler Drive</p><br>
<h3>Poinsett Shores</h3><br>
<p>Poinsett Shores & Poinsett Acres are a boating community located on the northeastern side of Lake Poinsett, at the southern end of former State Road 520A (Lake Poinsett Road). It is one of two communities that surround Lake Poinsett, the other being WoodMoore Estates on the east-northeastern shore. The community is about one and a half square miles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>250,000 fish were killed in July 2002, when a heavy rainstorm washed in phosphorus-rich runoff from lawns in the area as well as from septic tanks.</p><br>
<p>Briksdalsbreen  is one of the most accessible and best known arms of the Jostedalsbreen glacier. Briksdalsbreen is located in the municipality of Stryn in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. The glacier lies on the north side of the Jostedalsbreen, in Briksdalen  which is located at the end of the Oldedalen valley, about 25 km south of the village of Olden. It is located inside Jostedalsbreen National Park. Briksdalsbreen terminates in a small glacial lake, Briksdalsbrevatnet, which lies 346 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The size of Briksdalsbreen depends not only on temperature, but is also strongly affected by precipitation. Measurements since 1900 show small changes in the first decades, with advances in the glacier front in 1910 and 1929. In the period from 1934 to 1951 the glacier receded by 800 m, exposing the glacial lake. In the period from 1967 until 1997 the glacier expanded by 465 m and covered the whole lake, with the glacier front ending at the lake outlet. The glacier attracted international attention in the 1990s, as it was growing at a time when other European glaciers were in decline.</p><br>
<p>After the year 2000, the glacier once again receded. In 2004 it had receded to 230 m behind the lake outlet and in 2007 the glacier front was on dry land behind the lake. In this regard, its position approximated the situation in the 1960s. However, glaciologists speculate that the size of the glacier was at its smallest since the 13th century.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the glacier front had only receded by 12 m since the 2007 measurement. The slower melting is explained by the glacier being completely on dry land. The winter of 2007–2008 saw an increase in glacier mass, which was expected to move the glacier front forward around 2010. This was confirmed in the fall of 2010, when measurements showed that the glacier had advanced 8 metres over the last year This was however in comparison with the 2009 measurements, which saw the glacier being the most receded since measurements started in 1900.</p><br>
<p>As the winter of 2009–2010 saw little snow and the summer temperature in 2010 was 2.5–3 degrees Celsius above average, Professor Atle Nesje predicts that further strong receding will be seen in 2013. As Briksdalsbreen is now very narrow at some stretches, it is possible that it will temporarily disconnect from the larger Jostedalsbreen.</p><br>
<p>Lake Synevyr  is the largest lake in the Carpathian Mountains of Ukraine. It is located in Mizhhiria Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast, not far from the village of Synevyr Poliana. It is part of the National natural preserve "Synevyr", which was established in 1989. Scientists estimate that the lake formed about ten thousand years ago. In 2008, the lake was recognized as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Lake Synevyr is located in the northwestern part of the National Nature Park Synevyr near the foothills of the 1,495-meter-tall Mount Ozerna. It belongs to the region of Pryvododilni Gorgany and is located at an elevation of 989 meters above sea level. The lake was created in the post-Ice Age period (around ten thousand years ago) due to a powerful earthquake-induced tectonic shift of indigenous sandstone from the southern slope of Mount Krasna which blocked a narrow stream valley. Its waters flow through the porous natural dam and return to the surface 350 meters to the west of the lake, 60 meters below the average lake level.</p><br>
<p>Lake Synevyr is primarily filled by two streams. The water level in the basin constantly changes: it increases during rain showers and intensive snow thaw, and decreases during winter and the dry season. As a result, the lake&#39;s water level fluctuates by 4 to 4.5 meters, its area varies between 4.5 and 7.5 ha, and its maximum depth varies between 18 and 23.5 meters.</p><br>
<p>The forest around the lake is believed to be 140 to 160 years old. There is a very small island in the middle of the lake with an area of a few square meters which is called the Sea Eye (Morske Oko). The island has been flooded for some time.</p><br>
<p>A legend states that the lake appeared (2,485 moons ago) out of the tears of one of count&#39;s daughters Syn, because her love, the Verkhovynian cowboy Vir, was killed by the order of the count, her father.</p><br>
<h2>National Park</h2><br>
<p>Architect Yuriy Solomin (Юрій Соломін) decorated the area around the lake, with contributions from the sculptors Ivan Brodin (Іван Бродин) and Mykhailo Sanych (Михайло Санич), who created the red tree sculptural composition "Syn and Vir" (Syn i Vir). The composition is 13 m tall and rests upon a steel base.</p><br>
<p>Swimming, camping, and fishing at that lake is prohibited. All the services that the park offers cost around $1 (₴ 5, 2008). There is a scenic path around the lake, which is rather round. Along the path park guests will find a few gazebos and a "rest house". There is also a horse-back riding service that takes customers on a trail ride around the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Beneficent Congregational Church is a United Church of Christ congregation of Congregationalist heritage at 300 Weybosset Street in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. The congregation was founded in 1743 during the "First Great Awakening".</p><br>
<h2>Architectural style</h2><br>
<p>The current church building is a brick Greek Revival structure which features a prominent dome. The structure was built in 1810 and substantially altered in 1836 to a design by Tallman & Bucklin, giving it its present form. This work was funded with a $30,000 donation from textile entrepreneur Henry J. Steere in honor of his father, Jonah Steere. Beneficent has active ministries working with the homeless in the city and around the world.</p><br>
<p>Beneficent Congregational Church is open for Sunday services and the building is located at 300 Weybosset Street in Providence.</p><br>
<p>The church bears a striking similarity in style to the Massachusetts State House in Boston, designed by Charles Bulfinch. Prior to about 2007, the church&#39;s dome was covered on gold leaf which gave it a distinctive appearance. Due to weather damage to the gold leaf, the congregation voted in 1987 to replace the roof with more durable copper sheeting as part of a larger renovation project. This copper sheeting gives the dome its current green patina.</p><br>
<p>Lechmere Canal is a short canal in East Cambridge, Massachusetts. It opens onto the Charles River and used to be an active port for Boston Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The canal was constructed in 1895, essentially by walling off an existing portion of the Charles around which was laid landfill. The area was an active seaport until the Charles River Dam Bridge was interposed between it and Boston Harbor in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The canal&#39;s original right of way appears to have been granted by several deeds in 1834, as conveyed by the Proprietors of Canal Bridge, the predecessor of the Charles River Dam Bridge. Landing near Water Street, this was the second bridge to connect eastern Cambridge to western Boston, after the West Boston Bridge. In this area on the south side of what is now Monsignor O&#39;Brien Highway was waterfront property. The deeds conveyed canal passage as well as "the privilege of a dock 100 feet in width on the south-westerly side of the aforegranted premises; said dock to be kept open for ever for the common use and benefit of the owners and occupants of the land or wharves on either side and head thereof." Its south spur seems to have been authorized by the Harbor Commissioners in 1874. This extension was allowed to be 120 feet wide and some 900 feet long, and would be created in the midst of landfill as the harbor was filled. After landfilling it would parallel First Street from the current terminus, passing approximately where the main hall of the Cambridgeside Galleria is now, extending to Bent Street.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Today the canal has been incorporated into the East Cambridge Embankment, and serves as a scenic accent to the surrounding neighborhood and park. It is northwest of the Museum of Science near Lechmere Square. It is used primarily by the Charles River Boat Company, which operates pleasure trips from a mooring in front of the Galleria. Private boats can also use the moorings there for mall access.</p><br>
<p>Cerro Kamuk is a mountain in the core of the foothills and mountains of La Amistad International Park, in the Cordillera de Talamanca, between the mountain ranges of northern Panama and southeastern Costa Rica. These are the highest and wildest mountains of Central America. The diversity of species in this area is unequaled in any other similarly sized reserve in the world. The area protected comprises four national parks clustered together that became La Amistad Biosphere Reserve. UNESCO declared it a natural World Heritage Site in 1983. It is part of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor, UNESCO&#39;s project shared by eight Central American countries  to help protect the remaining pristine mountain forest and wildlife of Central America</p><br>
<p>Kamuk peak rises to 3,549 m above sea level. It takes 4 days to reach the its top, one way (7 days for the complete expedition). Journeys require about 6 to 10 hours hiking per day. The climb to the summit is nontechnical, but since the trail often gets consumed by its own wildlife, it is absolutely necessary to have a certified guide. There are no trail signs and water is found only near campsites. The absolute fragility and unspoiled nature of this area requires that explorers take very important precautions: take only new tenting and camping equipment, free of spores, mildew or other microorganisms, as they may cause an ecological disaster. Wash your hiking boots and make sure you bring no soil from other areas of the world.</p><br>
<p>The season to explore the Talamanca Range and climb Kamuk ranges from November to April only, and is closed the rest of the year due to heavy rains, tree falls, management and protection of species.</p><br>
<p>The not-for-profit Organizacion Xtremas develops community projects to help local inhabitants, the indigenous Bribris and Cabecar people around the Talamanca range area. This organization is always seeking for travel volunteers. Through this organization you may also find local experts, naturalist guides and more information on how to explore Talamanca and climb Kamuk.</p><br>
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<p>The Amphitheatre is one of the geographical features of the Northern Drakensberg, South Africa, and is widely regarded as one of the most impressive cliff faces on earth. The cliff face of the Amphitheatre is roughly three times the size of the total combined area of all the cliff faces in Yosemite&#39;s famous El Capitan, and more than 10 times the size of El Capitan&#39;s most famous  face. It is part of the Royal Natal National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Amphitheatre is over 5 km in length and has precipitous cliffs rising approximately 1,220 m along its entire length. The bottom of the valley floor, from where many photographs of the mountain structure are taken, is over 1,830 m below the highest point of the amphitheatre (the summit being over 3,050 m above sea level—with Mont-Aux-Sources just over 3,254 m above sea level). The Tugela Falls, the worlds second tallest falls, plunge over 948 m from the Amphitheatres cliff tops.</p><br>
<p>The spectacularly beautiful mountain hiking trail to the top of Mount-Aux-Sources starts at the Sentinel car park above the Witsieshoek Resort, over 2,500 m above sea level, (Witsieshoek in turn can only be reached via Phuthaditjhaba) from where it is a relatively short climb to the top of the Amphitheatre. Via two chain ladders one can gain easy access to the summit. The trip takes only 5 hours return, not including time taken on top of the mountain. This is the only day hiking trail which will take one to the top of the Drakensberg escarpment, and the view from the top is reputed to be amongst the most beautiful in the world.</p><br>
<p>Another trail to the foot of the Tugela Falls starts at Royal Natal National Park. The easy seven kilometre gradient up the Tugela gorge winds though indigenous forests. The last part of the hike to the Tugela Falls is a boulder hop. A little chain ladder takes one over the final stretch from where there is a stunning view of the falls rushing down the Amphitheatre in a series of five spectacular cascades.</p><br>
<p>The Tugela Falls, which is situated at the top of the Amphitheatre is said to be the highlight of Drakensberg.</p><br>
<p>In 1964, film director Cy Endfield shot the exterior locations in the mountainous Drakensberg National Park for the epic war film Zulu starring Michael Caine and Stanley Baker. The set for the British field hospital and supply depot at Rorke&#39;s Drift was created by the Tugela River with the Amphitheatre in the background. The real location of the battle was 100 km to the north east near the isolated hill at Isandlwana.</p><br>
<p>Reynisdrangar are basalt sea stacks situated under the mountain Reynisfjall near the village Vík í Mýrdal, southern Iceland which is framed by a black sand beach that was ranked in 1991 as one of the ten most beautiful non-tropical beaches in the world.</p><br>
<p>Legend says that the stacks originated when two trolls dragged a three-masted ship to land unsuccessfully and when daylight broke they became needles of rock.</p><br>
<p>Contemporary legends note the story of a husband who found his wife taken by the two trolls, frozen at night. The husband made the two trolls swear to never kill anyone ever again. His wife was the love of his life, whose free spirit he was unable to provide a home for; she found her fate out among the trolls, rocks, and sea at Reynisfjara.</p><br>
<p>Gelevara Deresi is one of two main streams of Espiye, a district of Giresun province in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Its two main tributaries arise in the highlands of Espiye district of Giresun and Torul district of Gümüşhane.</p><br>
<p>In the west its shorter arm originates from Çekümbeli highland near Tohumluk village. Its longer arm starts in Tekçam-Kürünbeli spring in Hanzara Obası and Ayıbeli Deresi in Ayıbeli Obası. The springs of its arms are close enough to each other to be reached in less than an hour by foot. The source of the longer arm looks like a triangular area which is used as the borders of three districts: Espiye, Alucra and Torul. Firstly it goes to northeast direction passing through Beytarla and Sapmaz villages of Kürtün district of Gümüşhane province, then enters into Giresun borders again. After the two arms of the stream flow parallel for nearly 40-50 kilometers they aggregate as Gelevara after Arpacık village in Güce district adjacent to Espiye district. Gelevara flows down to Black Sea in the east end of Espiye town like Yağlıdere stream, its sister. On its mouth to Black Sea there is a ferroconcrete bridge on D010 Highway connecting Giresun and Trabzon provinces.</p><br>
<p>Gelevara stream has a high voluminous flow because the mountainous and forestry area of its headwaters and because it receives much rain during almost all seasons. The stream is mainly utilized as a sands deposit in building concrete constructions locally. Along its wonderful valley on the Espiye-Ericek-Çakıl route you can explore beautiful slope scenes with the hills covered by the rich forests consisting of thousand species of wild trees, flowers and animals.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>"Gelevara" (pronounced as ghe-lee-va-ra) is a Turkish derivative word consists of two verbs, "gelmek (to come in English)" and "varmak (to arrive in English"). It is officially and mostly called as Gelevera Deresi in Turkish maps and documentaries there are some other local forms of its name like Özlüce, and some forms of folk dialects such as Gelivera, Gelivar, Gelevera, Gelevar, Gelava, and Gelenvar.</p><br>
<p>Although Dr. Z. Cebeci interprets that it carries a meaning like "come and arrive in the sea" that was used by local people living in mountainous area in order to express their deep wishes to see beauties of the sea there are two other logical hypothesis about the origin of Gelevera.</p><br>
<p>In the article titled "Gelivera, Kürtün" in Turkish Wikipedia, it is supposed that its name originates from "Gelivera", an old Greek village settlement (Sapmaz in present time) in Kürtün district of Gümüşhane. In this article it is stated that "gelivera" is a joint word formed with "gali" and "vera" meaning "beautiful" and "ring" in modern Greek, respectively. According to the second hypothesis its name originates from daily movements of villagers on it. Since the longer arm of the stream passes through "Gelivera" village the inhabitants had frequently to go and come back between two parts of the village over it. Every day they were going and coming back between the sides of the stream. And then they defined the stream as the waterflow that must be stepped to go and come back. So in order to define their routinely go-come movement they used "gel" and "var" verbs of Turkish, and its name became "Gelevara" in the time.</p><br>
<h2>Issues with Gelevara</h2><br>
<p>The stream is being polluted with solid wastes of Espiye town. This serious environmental problem should be immediately solved with aid of some protection projects which will be operated by the Espiye Municipality. But any project needs the aid from international environmental organizations because the cost of recycling daily wastes of the town exceeds the income of the town municipality. At the same time the sand processing and excavations from the bed of the stream create sound pollution that fears the waterbirds and causes many other ecological problems. The existing freshwater flora and fauna is danger of extinction in the bed of the stream near Black Sea day to day. Also the sand excavation must be stopped to prevent the changes of natural scene and structure of the stream.</p><br>
<h2>Gelevara Song</h2><br>
<p>Gelevara Deresi is also the title of a famous Turkish folk song. This song carrying the typical characteristics of Black Sea variety of Turkic regional folks is about melancholic love story that has been lived somewhere along Gelevara stream valley. Originally it is performed with kemençe (kemenche in English, pronounced as kae-man-che), a local music instrument of Black Sea region of Turkey. This song with romantic notes about a dramatic love is recently remixed and performed by Kazım Koyuncu, and became more popular due to his duet with Şevval Sam. He performs the song on his album Hayde!.</p><br>
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<p>Lefka Ori  or Madares  is a mountain range located in Western Crete, in the Chania prefecture. The White Mountains or Lefka Ori occupy a large part of the centre of West Crete and are the main feature of the region. They consist mainly of limestone, from light grey to bluish or black color. The "White Mountains" have got their name from the perpetual white or off white color of their peaks as the off white of limestone during the summer and fall interchanges with the snow that covers the peaks until late in spring.</p><br>
<p>The highest summit is Pachnes with 2,453 m and there are over 30 summits that are over 2,000 m high. The Lefka Ori also have about 50 gorges, the most famous being the Samaria Gorge. Another characteristic of the mountain range is that there are a number of plateaus that exist at heights of 500 -, such at those of Askifou, Impros, Kallikratis, Anopolis, and Omalos which are all surrounded by mountains.</p><br>
<p>Pachnes (from Greek πάχνη which means morning dew but also in Cretan it can mean fog) is the second tallest peak in Crete, after Mount Ida (From Ίδη of Greek mythology, was the daughter of the King of Crete Melisseas), which is also known as "Psiloritis" (from the Greek Ψηλός which means high, tall and from the Greek όρος for mountain, i.e. tall mountain) and the 10th in Greece.</p><br>
<p>There are only a few main roads leading into the White Mountains. From the north the roads to Omalos and the entrance of the Samaria Gorge and the road to Chora Sfakion through the plateau of Askifou further to the east. There are other approaches from the west from Sougia and Paleochora leading to Omalos as well as approaches from northeast from Argyroupoli – Asi Ghonia and from Plakias-Frangokastello along the southern coast in the east. There are also a few other minor roads leading to higher altitudes.</p><br>
<p>The central and southern part of the Lefka Ori lying at an altitude of 1,800 m and above resembles a "moon landscape". This is technically called a high desert. It is unique in the northern hemisphere. The prominence of the Lefka Ori range can be seen in the aerial footage below of the Hania province from space :</p><br>
<p>There are four refuges in Lefka Ori. The Volikas Refuge was built in 1958. It is located above the village Kampi Keramion, at an altitude of 1,450 m. It can accommodate up to 30 persons. The Kallergi Refuge was built in 1970. Its altitude is 1,650 m and it can accommodate 45 persons. It is located 5 km from Omalos. The Tavris Refuge was built in 1992 and it is located near Ammoudari, 7.5 km from Askyfou, at 1,200 m. It can accommodate up to 45 persons. The Svourichti Refuge was built in 1994. It is located seven hours from Anopolis at 1,980 m and it can accommodate 20 persons.</p><br>
<p>The Lefka Ori has a rich history as a hiding place for rebels during Cretan uprisings against the Venetian and Ottoman rulers, as well as during German Occupation (1941–1945).</p><br>
<p>The Lefka Ori are home to both of Greece&#39;s caves with depths greater than one kilometer, Gourgouthakas and the Cave of the Lion.</p><br>
<p>Agia Eirini  is a small community in Western Crete, population 80 . It lies in the Chania regional unit which constitutes the western part of Crete. It is in the municipality of Kantanos-Selino, which forms the southwest part of the region, specifically the East Selino unit, and the community of Epanochori.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The importance of Agia Eirini lies in that constitutes the north end of the gorge that takes its name from this village. The gorge is popular with trekkers, bringing tourists north from the beach resort of Sougia where it ends. The valley itself continues some distance north of the village to the watershed dividing north and southern Crete. After pausing at Agia Eirini, the walk continues east to Omalos.</p><br>
<p>The village lies on the road from Chania to Sougia, 40 km south of Chania at an altitude of 650m, located at the foot of Apopigadi, south of Prases (in neighbouring Mousouroi, Platanias) on the north side of the pass, just past where the road branches east to Omalos at the wind turbine line on the ridge, and just north of Epanochori itself. Agia Eirini is nested between two smaller settlements, Koulouridiana to the north and Livadhaki to the south. The inhabitants are engaged in farming. Local produce includes chestnuts, honey and mournoraki (μουρνόρακη), a local drink.</p><br>
<p>Alexandrion or Alexandrium, sometimes referred to as Sartaba, was a fortress constructed by the Hasmoneans between Scythopolis and Jerusalem on a pointy barren hill towering over the Jordan Valley from the west. It was likely named after Hasmonean king Alexander Jannæus .</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The fortress called Alexandreion in Greek, simplified to Alexandrion and Latinised to Alexandrium, is mentioned by Josephus in his Antiquities of the Jews. It was mentioned in the Mishna and Talmud as Sartaba, and is now called Qarn Sartabe (lit. "Horn of Sartabe") in Arabic.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alexandrium was constructed by the Hasmoneans near the border with Samaria to accommodate a military garrison, as well as to guard political prisoners. It is later mentioned during Pompey the Great&#39;s conquest of Judea as a stronghold of Aristobulus II: "...as he passed by Pella and Scythopolis, he came to Corem, which is the first entrance into Judea when one passes over the midland countries, where he came to a most beautiful fortress that was built on the top of a mountain called Alexandrium, whither Aristobulus had fled/"</p><br>
<p>The Alexandreion was restored by Herod the Great, a task he assigned to his brother Pheroras. Herod gave it the character of a palatial desert fortress, similar to those he built or rebuilt at Masada, Herodion and Machaerus. Herod used the fortress as a prison for his political opponents, holding his wife Mariamne and her mother Alexandra there in 30 BCE. It was also the burial site of Alexander and Aristobulus, two of his sons Herod had executed at Sebaste in 7 BCE.</p><br>
<p>Alexandrium was finally razed by Vespasian or Titus during the Great Revolt.</p><br>
<p>The Socastee Historic District, located on the Intracoastal Waterway in Socastee, South Carolina, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>It includes three contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing structure. They are a metal swing bridge, two houses, one store and a pecan grove. It is one of the few remaining intact local examples of post-Civil War development.</p><br>
<h2>Samuel S. Sarvis House</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Sarvis built his house in 1881, shortly before he was to be married.</p><br>
<h2>Thomas B. Cooper House</h2><br>
<p>The Thomas B. Cooper house was built for Mr. Cooper by Robert M. Prince, Jr. in 1908.</p><br>
<p>The exterior has recently been renovated.</p><br>
<h2>Thomas B. Cooper Store</h2><br>
<p>The store was built in 1905 and closed in 1932.</p><br>
<h2>Swing Bridge</h2><br>
<p>The Socastee swing bridge was designed by the USA Corps of engineers, it is a swing-span, Warren through-truss type bridge with rigid joints and was opened in 1936. It is 217 ft long and 24 ft feet wide.</p><br>
<p>A pamphlet printed for the opening of the Waterway in Socastee in 1936, discloses the Socastee Bridge was built by the Tidewater Construction Corporation. According to a 1981 South Carolina Highway Department Survey, however, the bridge contains a plate bearing the name of Virginia Bridge & Iron Company.</p><br>
<p>It is most likely the pieces for the bridge itself was fabricated by the Virginia Bridge & Iron Company, and was assembled by Tidewater Construction Corporation.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the bridge had to be turned by hand. The gatekeeper worked from the house at the top of the bridge. The first operator of the bridge boarded at the Thomas B. Cooper house.</p><br>
<p>From the time of its construction, the Socastee turn bridge was the only means other than ferry to cross the Intra Coastal waterway. Located on Hwy 544, it was to be closed after approval of a new bridge to be built on south of the Socastee bridge. Though the new bridge solved many traffic problems during the tourist season, it did not help the locals and it would have created many problems for Socastee residents that need to access Forestbrook Rd., which is located approximately 0.2 miles on the right off Hwy 544 west of the Socastee turn bridge. Additionally Peach Tree Rd. was located just 0.1 miles to the left. Thus the Socastee turn bridge not only has historic value, but it is still used in daily commuting.</p><br>
<h2>Pecan Grove</h2><br>
<p>Old pecan grove near the Thomas B. Cooper store.</p><br>
<h2>Early Residents</h2><br>
<h3>Samuel S. Sarvis (1843 - 1931)</h3><br>
<p>Samuel S. Sarvis was a confederate veteran and served with the SC 26th Infantry. He was a merchant, store owner and a business partner with Dusenbury & Sarvis. Mr. Sarvis was appointed the postmaster of Socastee in 1896. The post office was in his store which was the norm for small towns in that era.</p><br>
<h3>Thomas B. Cooper (1863 - 1928)</h3><br>
<p>Thomas B. Cooper was the Socastee postmaster in 1908.</p><br>
<p>The Paramount Theatre is a concert venue in Denver, Colorado, located on Glenarm Place, near Denver&#39;s famous 16th Street Mall. The venue has a seating capacity of 1,870, but is a popular destination for large acts looking for a smaller concert setting. With spelling as Paramount Theater, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Paramount opened in 1930 as a movie theatre, part of the Paramount-Publix Theatre Circuit, the exhibition arm of Paramount Pictures. The theatre itself was designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Rapp and Rapp, with decorations by designer Vincent Mondo, murals by Louis Grell of Chicago. The original main entry to the theatre was at 519 16th Street, where an entrance lobby was cut through an existing commercial and office building.</p><br>
<p>The three story office and commercial building featuring what was then the theatres secondary entrance on Glenarm Place, now the main entrance, was designed by the local architect Temple H. Buell. Buells design is a modernized, art deco interpretation of the Gothic style, executed largely in cast concrete and white terra cotta.</p><br>
<p>For several decades the Paramount enjoyed success as one of the premier movie houses in the Rocky Mountain region. Then, like other large movie theatres, its patronage declined as population and commerce dispersed into new suburban areas. The venue has survived and evolved, and now plays host to numerous concert and performance acts. The theatre was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and the city of Denver recognized it as a historic landmark in 1988. Eight years later, Sinbad performed his HBO comedy special "Son of a Preacher Man" here.</p><br>
<p>In 2002 the Paramount and the building next door was purchased by what is now Kroenke Sports & Entertainment.</p><br>
<h2>Wurlitzer organ</h2><br>
<p>The Paramount also hosts one of two remaining twin-console Wurlitzer theatre organs in the United States. (The other one is located in New York City, at Radio City Music Hall.) With four manuals and twenty ranks, and over 1600 pipes, the Paramount&#39;s instrument is one of the largest ever installed in the Rocky Mountain region. It is opus 2122 of the Publix#1 style Wurlitzer, a type designed by the theatre organist Jesse Crawford. It was installed in the theatre on July 23, 1930.</p><br>
<p>Smrk is a massif and a mountain in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids range in the Czech Republic. With a height of 1,276 m it is the second highest summit of the range after Lysá hora. Its Northern slope steeply rises from the surrounding lowlands and is separated from the rest of the mountains by the deep Ostravice River  and Čeladenka  river valleys; in the South it merges in the lower Zadní hory  area.</p><br>
<p>Although its name (it means spruce) suggests differently it was originally covered mainly in beech and fir forests, with a higher spruce share closer to the summit. During the industrial revolution in the region under the mountains in the 18th and 19th centuries when many ironworks were established, with a center in Frýdlant nad Ostravicí, there was a high demand for firewood and the original forests were felled out and replaced by secondary spruce plantations. These were heavily damaged by industrial fall-out from the Ostrava region also because non-natives pruce varieties, which were not well adapted to the local climate, were planted there. Thus everyone coming to Smrk from North will see a mountain stripped of trees in its upper parts. Other slopes were not so heavily damaged and are still forested in most places. Especially in the Čeladenka river valley there any many stretches of preserved or newly planted beech trees.</p><br>
<p>There are limited views from the summit which is covered in most places by also secondary (non-native to the Moravian-Silesian Beskids) mountain pines. Next to the secondary summit of Malý Smrk (i.e. Little Spruce) there are a John Lennon and Jan Palach memorials.</p><br>
<p>Smrk belongs to the Beskydy Landscape Protected Area (Chráněná krajinná oblast Beskydy). Its summit lies partly in the first (most protected) zone. Furthermore, there are Smrk and Malý Smrk Reserves (Přírodní rezervace Smrk and Přírodní rezervace Malý Smrk) in the best preserved and most valuable areas of both summits.</p><br>
<p>Burnum , an archaeological site, was a Roman Legion camp and town. It is located 2.5 km north of Kistanje, in inland Dalmatia, Croatia. The remains include a praetorium, the foundations of several rooms, the amphitheatre and the aqueduct.</p><br>
<p>Burnum is also popularly called Hollow Church (Šuplja Crkva) and is one of many ruins in the Balkans identified in folklore as Traianus&#39; Town (Trojanov Grad). Only two of the original five arches have been preserved (at the end of the 18th century Alberto Fortis mentioned three of them).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Roman writer Plinius wrote about Burnum as "fortress distinguished in wars." - "In hoc tractu sunt Burnum, Andetrium, Tribulium nobilitata proeliis castella." The Pagana chart from the 16th century presented marked traits of Burnum as the ancient locality, but it did not reach archeological interest until the 19th century, when it occupied the attention of renowned Croatian archaeologists, father Lujo Marun and father Frane Bulić. The first excavations were conducted by Austrian archaeologists.</p><br>
<p>It is assumed that Burnum originates from the year 33 BC, but it is more likely that it was established a few decades later. Several Roman legions were located there in succession, and the first one was legio XX Valeria Victrix from the beginning of the Pannonian uprising (Bellum Batonianum) in AD 6-9. The reason for its location was the need for the control of traffic around the Krka River. Building was initiated by the Roman governor for Dalmatia Publius Cornelius Dolabella and continued by the Emperor Claudius.</p><br>
<p>The camp gained its final shape during the reign of Claudius around 50 AD. Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis left the camp some time between AD 42 and 67, probably AD 56-57 and was succeeded by Legio IIII Flavia Felix.</p><br>
<p>According to some sources, a rebellion of Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus against the emperor Claudius in AD 42 was started at this camp as well. After the last Roman legions had left the camp, it developed into an urban settlement.</p><br>
<p>The camp was completely destroyed when the emperor Justinian attempted to take it back from the Ostrogoths in the 6th century.</p><br>
<h2>Aqueduct</h2><br>
<p>The Plavno Polje is an entirely underground aqueduct, so that water stayed cool in the summer and could not freeze in the winter. It is about 32.6 kilometers long. 170m height-difference are between the source and the town. It flowed 86 liters per second.</p><br>
<p>The location is only partially archaeologically investigated. A pre-Roman Liburnian builder can not be excluded at the moment in accordance with previous studies.</p><br>
<h3>Legends</h3><br>
<p>There are two old legends about the construction of this aqueduct. The first story is:</p><br>
<p>Another old legend about this aqueduct is:</p><br>
<p>Loch Lomond is a reservoir in the Santa Cruz Mountains near Lompico, California in Santa Cruz County, California. Part of the system, it was created by building the Newell Creek Dam across Newell Creek - a tributary of the San Lorenzo River. The dam is an earth-fill barricade, measuring 190 ft by 750 ft. It was financed by bond issuance, and completed in the Fall of 1960; impounded water first ran over the spillway in March 1963. The reservoir is 175 acre. It is 2.5 mi long, 0.25 mi wide, approximately 150 ft deep, with a 9,200 acre.ft capacity. It provides a portion of the drinking water supply for the city of Santa Cruz, California and other nearby County areas. Boating, fishing, picnicking and hiking take place at the reservoir. No daily private boat launching is permitted. No swimming is allowed. The reservoir has a boat rental and snack shop and is open every day from March 1 to September 15, and weekends only from Labor Day to October 17.</p><br>
<p>Loch Lomond is a 75-acre man-made lake in Mundelein, Illinois, as well as the subdivision built around it. The lake is administered by the Loch Lomond Property Owners Association, and access is restricted to members of the association and their guests.</p><br>
<p>There are two beaches open to the residents of Loch Lomond: North Beach & South Beach. South Beach is the larger of the two and the main swimming area, with a large pier, raft, and playground area. This beach also offers swimming lessons in the summer. North Beach is favored for fishing; while swimming is allowed, no lifeguards are on duty.</p><br>
<p>Loch Lomond forbids motorized water sports, but row boats, kayaks, pedal boats, and even small sailing boats are common.</p><br>
<p>This shallow lake (5-8 ft deep) has had an interesting ecological experiment taking place over the last few decades. In the 1990&#39;s a non-native carp species was introduced to the lake to alleviate the algae bloom problems from elevated levels of nutrients. However, this carp species is a non-selective feeder and has decimated lake bed vegetation which has led to lower oxygen levels negatively impacting fish populations. Several "fish kills" have happened due to low oxygen levels primarily in the winter in the history of the lake, but as of present a robust population of "game" fish species can be found in the murky waters.</p><br>
<p>The Union Depot is a former train station in Lansing, Michigan. The Union Depot began passenger service for the Michigan Central and Pere Marquette Railroads in 1902. The Detroit architectural firm of Spier and Rohns, which planned many Michigan Central stations, designed the building with Chateauesque conical towers and cut stone arches. The depot closed in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, restaurateur Peter Jubeck bought the building and transformed it into Claras Lansing Station&#39;. Retaining the quarter-sawn oak interior and installing locally crafted stained glass windows, the restaurant has a unique and historical atmosphere.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, an old passenger rail car was renovated and attached to the building, adding more space and more atmosphere.</p><br>
<p>Claras Lansing Station is a sister restaurant of Claras on the River located in the Michigan Central Railroad Depot (Battle Creek, Michigan).</p><br>
<p>The Hotham River is one of the major tributaries of the Murray River in Western Australia. It is about 160 kilometres long with its upper reaches being the Hotham River North, which begins in the Dutarning Range and joins the Hotham at its crossing of the Great Southern Highway near Popanyinning. A 15 km long southern tributary, Hotham River South begins near Cuballing and flows generally northerly before joining the Hotham near Yornaning.</p><br>
<p>From Narrogin, the merged river flows in a northerly direction through the Cuballing district and Dryandra Woodland before heading west through Wandering and Boddington.</p><br>
<p>The river joins the Williams River near Mount Saddleback.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The river was discovered by Thomas Bannister in 1830 and probably named by Governor James Stirling after Admiral Sir Henry Hotham.</p><br>
<p>The Murray River is a river in the southwest of Western Australia. It played a significant part in the expansion of Aboriginal settlement in the area south of Perth after the arrival of British settlers at the Swan River Colony in 1829.</p><br>
<p>The river is one of the few major rivers close to Perth which is devoid of dams for public water supply. It includes a catchment area including a large part of the wheatbelt and south-west of the state, draining from 450 mm/year average rainfall country in the east near Pingelly, westward through the high rainfall parts of the Darling Range around Dwellingup with an average rainfall of 1,300 mm/year.</p><br>
<p>The first of the two major tributaries, the Hotham River, starts its journey near Narrogin. The other major tributary is the Williams River, which starts between Williams and Narrogin. These two tributaries are the main rivers which drain the eastern wheat-belt.</p><br>
<p>The Murray River then flows through forested high-rainfall parts of the Darling Range to emerge near Pinjarra.</p><br>
<p>Another tributary, the Dandalup River, joins the Murray a short distance downstream of Pinjarra. This section is known as the lower Murray and is navigable in small boats. The river then flows across the sand plain between the Darling Scarp and the coast to empty into the Peel Estuary near Mandurah.</p><br>
<p>The canal development of North and South Yunderup is situated several kilometres upstream from the estuary.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first European exploration of the area was in July 1829 when a group, led by Captain Currie of the HMS Challenger and accompanied by botanist James Drummond, marched a short distance inland from present day Rockingham and after climbing a small hill at what is now Baldivis, sighted a river in the distance. This was later named the Serpentine River, which is to the north of the Murray and for some time was confused with the Murray, which was not encountered until later that year.</p><br>
<p>In November, Dr Alexander Collie and Lieutenant William Preston and crew from HMS Sulphur piloted two whaleboats out of Cockburn Sound and at midday on 17 November 1829 crossed the ocean bar at present day Mandurah. After camping overnight, they sailed south down the Peel-Harvey Estuary to the southern extreme near the delta of the Harvey River, where they had an amicable encounter with some local aborigines.</p><br>
<p>Due to strong winds, they sailed north out of the estuary without exploring the Eastern shore where the Murray River enters the estuary. The group then exited through the ocean bar and sailed south along the coast as far as the Collie and Preston Rivers and the Leschenault Inlet before returning to the Peel-Harvey estuary on 28 November 1829. From there they explored the Murray River delta, which at the time included five entrances into the estuary. The boats managed to navigate about two miles (3 km) up the river before returning to Fremantle after the 12-day trip.</p><br>
<p>This was the first actual encounter with the Murray River and it was named by Governor James Stirling after the Secretary of State for the Colonial Office in London, Sir George Murray.</p><br>
<p>Within a few months, settlers from the Swan River had started to explore the river and choose blocks along its banks.</p><br>
<h3>Thomas Peel</h3><br>
<p>Thomas Peel had left Britain with a promise that if he arrived at Fremantle by the beginning of November 1829 with 400 settlers, he would be allocated a grant of 250,000 acre, comprising much of the land on the south bank of the Swan River to Cockburn Sound. As he arrived six weeks late and with only 169 settlers, the offer was withdrawn by Governor Stirling as the land had been granted to established settlers. Peel was offered an alternative grant from Woodman Point to the north bank of the Murray River and from the ocean to the Darling Scarp.</p><br>
<p>Peel&#39;s remaining settlers arrived shortly after and settled initially at Clarence before moving to the site of present-day Mandurah, which he named Peeltown.</p><br>
<p>Despite many problems faced by the settlers, the area was gradually expanded and a settlement at Pinjarra had been established by late 1830. Pinjarra was approximately the upper limit of navigable water along the Murray River. It also had a natural ford for travellers at nearby Oakley Brook.</p><br>
<p>More land allocations along the southern bank of the river were made; however, settlement seemed to be limited to no further south that the Murray River grants, partly because of continuing and increasing conflicts with local aborigines. These conflicts culminated in the infamous Battle of Pinjarra in October 1834 where up to 40 Noongar people of the local Pindjarup tribal group were killed by white settlers. The battle had followed a raid in Perth by members of the Murray River tribe. The following year, a formal truce was made between the Murray River and the Swan River Noongars and the white settlers.</p><br>
<p>Relative peace was established and expansion around the towns of Pinjarra increased. The opening of the Perth to Bunbury railway in 1893 further expanded the area.</p><br>
<p>Almost immediately after farming commenced, settlers realised that the soils surrounding the lower reaches of the river suffered badly from annual flooding caused by a very low fall between the base of the scarp and the estuary, a distance of about 40 km. The problem was exacerbated by extensive clearing of trees in the foothills which would have otherwise helped in removing the excess water. Settlers described a giant wetland with travel impossible for several months each year.</p><br>
<p>From 1900 to about the end of the Second World War, a concerted effort at draining the flood-prone areas was made and today, about one-third of all land with the Peel-Harvey catchment is within 100 m of a constructed drain, stream or river.</p><br>
<p>The Pindaya Caves , located next to the town of Pindaya, Shan State, Burma  are a Buddhist pilgrimage site and a tourist attraction located on a limestone ridge in the Myelat region. There are three caves on the ridge which runs north-south, but only the southern cave can be entered and explored. It is not known whether the other two penetrate for any extended distance into the hillside.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The southernmost Pindaya cave can be entered and extends for about 490 feet along a well-worn path. It is known for its interior which contains over 8,000 images of Buddha. Some of the older statues and images in the cave have inscriptions dating to the late 18th century, or early Konbaung period, and the earliest one dates from 1773. There may be some images without inscriptions that are older, but based on the style elements, Than Tun believes that none of them is older than the early 18th century and even suggests 1750 as the earliest possible date. Although most statues are of late 18th and early 19th century, many other statues and images have been placed there on an ongoing basis by different donors throughout the cave&#39;s history up until the present time, from lay people to the ruling authorities. The collection as a whole forms an impressive display of Buddhist iconography and art from early Konbaung era to the modern period. No other place in Burma displays such a range of style, not only in the images, but also in the ornamental thrones and reredos which surround the images.</p><br>
<p>Within the cave, there are about seventy unique images of the Bhisakkaguru tradition dating to the late 18th century. They are unique in that the styling of hair, eyes, nose, ears, robe are different from most other images from Burma. The salient feature of this type of image is the holding of a seed in the upturned right palm. Than Tun reports that such images are found nowhere else in Burma, and based on Buddhist iconography, that these images are from the Mahayana tradition, and the conjecture is that the Pindaya cave at one time served the Mahayana Bhisakkaguru cult.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>There is a 15-m (49 ft) pagoda named Shwe U Min (Golden Cave) Pagoda at the entrance to the southernmost cave. Local legend attributes this pagoda as being built by King Asoka and repaired by King Alaungsithu in the 12th century, but this is not corroborated by any other historical source. In its present form and style, it is immediately apparent that the pagoda is of recent origin.</p><br>
<p>There is a large bronze bell at the southern entrance. The barely readable inscription on the bell states it as being cast in 1842 with a weight of 400 viss (654 kg).</p><br>
<p>The modern day entrance dates from 1925 when the entrance to the cave was enlarged by explosives, destroying some valuable images and epigraphs in the process. A steel structure was erected to accommodate the many pilgrims. Dedication inscriptions from this renovation indicate a wide range of donors, not only from the Theravada community, but also from the Hindu, Chinese and even Muslim communities. During this renovation, some unique images were removed to a nearby monastery. Unfortunately, these images were destroyed during World War II in a bombing raid. An elevator was added in more recent times.</p><br>
<h2>Legends</h2><br>
<p>There are many legends surrounding the Pindaya cave. One is that a blocked-off path at the end of the cave leads to the ancient city of Bagan. There is also the legend of the seven princesses bathing in a lake and how they were captured by a giant spider and trapped in the cave to be rescued by Prince Kummabhaya of Yawnghwe. Sculptures of the spider and the prince aiming with his bow and arrow have been added in recent times at the entrance of the covered stairway to the caves.</p><br>
<p>St Mary Peak  is a mountain located in the Australian state of South Australia on the northwestern side of Wilpena Pound and is the highest peak in the Flinders Ranges with a height of 1,189 m. It is located within the Flinders Ranges National Park and the gazetted locality of Flinders Ranges, South Australia. St Mary Peak is the eighth highest peak in South Australia . Its former name "St Mary&#39;s Peak"  remains in colloquial use.</p><br>
<p>The Adnyamathanha people have expressed concern with tourists trekking to St Mary Peak as they regard it as a sacred place and not to be visited. However, the peak and its surroundings may be accessed via a walking trail from Wilpena Resort along the north-east edge of the range outside of Wilpena Pound, or via a longer trail through the middle of the pound.</p><br>
<p>. Retrieved 9 January 2007</p><br>
<p>Mormond Hill  is a large hill in Aberdeenshire, Scotland not far from Fraserburgh. The villages of Strichen and New Leeds can be found at its southern foothills.</p><br>
<p>It also has a smattering of disused satellite dishes and masts on top, remnants from Cold War NATO communications and British Telecom having a presence on the site.</p><br>
<p>The hill is mentioned in the traditional Scottish ballad known as Mormond Braes.</p><br>
<p>The word Brae comes from bràigh ("top") in Scottish Gaelic, while the rest of the ballad is a mix of English and Scots, with references to Strichen toon. The ballad is about a girl who&#39;s lost her lover and is preparing herself to face the world and get another.</p><br>
<p>The hill is also referenced in the poem Farewell to Tarwathie by George Scroggie of Strichen, published in 1857, and now better known as the song published in Volume 1 of the Greig–Duncan collection (c. 1909).</p><br>
<h2>The White Horse and the White Stag</h2><br>
<p>A white horse is depicted on the side of the hill made from white quartz that has been placed into position to make the shape; its location is some 1500 m NE of Strichen. The exact date of construction is unknown, but is around the late 1790s. The most widely accepted story for its origin is that the horse was cut by a Captain Fraser, whose horse was shot from under him in a battle in the Flanders Campaign in 1794. A sergeant Henderson, who offered him his own horse, was shot dead in the process. Upon his return Captain Fraser cut the horse as a memorial to the sergeant.</p><br>
<p>The stag, made in 1870, is much larger than the nearby horse, is about 150 m above sea level. It is 240 ft long and unlike the other figures it is constructed from quartz rocks about 5 in in diameter. Tree growth below the figure is increasingly blocking the view. The stag was made by the tenants of the Laird to commemorate his wedding. There is some disagreement as to whether its original form was an outline figure or solid figure. At some stage it has been in outline only, but is now solid. The stag was cleaned in 1939, 1946, 1955, 1984 and in 1994/95.</p><br>
<p>Unusually, these are the only two hill figures located in Scotland. There are three more in Wales and roughly 50 more in England. The White Horse is one of sixteen horses in the United Kingdom. The stag is one of two stags in the United Kingdom, although the other, in the Rheidol Valley, near Aberystwyth, is a mining feature which merely resembles a stag and not a true hill figure.</p><br>
<p>St Davids Head  is a headland in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, in southwest Wales. This headland is considered the southern limit of the Irish Sea in Wales. To the south is the Celtic Sea.</p><br>
<p>Northwest of the cathedral city of St David&#39;s and jutting into the Irish Sea, St Davids Head marks the southern extremity of the large Cardigan Bay. To the south are Whitesands Bay, Ramsey Sound and St Brides Bay. The headland and its immediate hinterland are owned by the National Trust.</p><br>
<p>Described in a Roman survey of the known world in 140 AD (Ptolemys Geography) as the Promontory of the Eight Perils (Οκταπιταρον Ακρον - Oktapitaron Akron - in Ptolemys original Greek). There are views to the north, of the wide expanse of the Irish Sea; to the west, of the Bishops and Clerks rocks; to the south, of Whitesands Bay to Ramsey Sound and Ramsey Island; and to the east, of the slopes of the large rocky outcrop known as Carn Llidi.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of ancient monuments showing signs of early occupation, including, an iron age cliff fort, prehistoric settlements, a prehistoric defensive wall, signs of various neolithic field systems and Coetan Arthur (Arthur’s Quoit) burial chamber.l</p><br>
<p>Retrieved on 2008-01-07</p><br>
<p>Retrieved on 2008-01-07</p><br>
<p>The headland can only be reached on foot along the coastal path, the nearest road ending at Whitesands bay about a mile to the south-east.</p><br>
<p>In 1793 Sir Richard Cold Hoare said in his "Journal of a Tour of South Wales":l</p><br>
<p>Retrieved on 2008-01-07</p><br>
<p>"No place could ever be more suited to retirement, contemplation or Druidical mysteries, surrounded by inaccessible rock and open to a wide expanse of ocean. Nothing seems wanting but the thick impenetrable groves of oaks which have been thought concomitant to places of Druidical worship and which, from the exposed nature of this situation, would never, I think, have existed here even in former days."</p><br>
<p>The headland is abundant in wildflowers and wildlife and the waters around it provide a rich habitat for fish, grey seals and porpoises. A variety of seabirds and peregrine falcons are also to be seen.</p><br>
<h2>Shipwreck</h2><br>
<p>Tarleton, a slaver of 400 tons (burthen), Christian, master, foundered on 28 November 1788 off St David&#39;s Head on her way from Liverpool to Africa. Her crew was saved.</p><br>
<p>Lake Pergusa  is a lake in Sicily, set between a group of mountains in the Erean Mountains chain near Pergusa, 5 km from Enna, Italy. It is a vital stop in the migratory trajectory of a great number of birds. In addition to birds, which are by far the main inhabitants of the Pergusa nature reserve, there are also interesting species of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates found here. At an elevation of 670 m, the lake&#39;s surface area is 1.83 km².</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The lake is encircled by the most important racing track of Southern Italy, the Autodromo di Pergusa, that hosts international competitions and events, such as Formula One, Formula 3000 and a Ferrari Festival that has featured Formula One star Michael Schumacher.</p><br>
<p>In the area of Lake Pergusa, an archeological site known as Cozzo Matrice can be found. This site essentially houses the ruins of an old fortified village, containing imposing walls constructed around the 9th millennium BC, a sacred citadel, an opulent necropolis and the remains of an ancient temple dedicated to Demeter, dating back more than 2,000 years.</p><br>
<p>An important forest and vegetation zone named Selva Pergusina (meaning "Pergusa Wood") surrounds part of the Lake Pergusa Valley, producing a striking panorama.</p><br>
<p>In antiquity, the lake was said to be the site where Proserpina was abducted by Pluto.</p><br>
